创始人效应识别了最早的美国人的语言
1University of California, Berkeley, USA.
American journal of biological anthropology
|March 30, 2024
概括
语言分析表明,两个古老的西伯利亚人群在24,000到12,000年前通过四个入口点定居在北美,塑造了现代语言的分布.
科学领域:
- 语言学的语言学.
- 考古学的考古学
- 人类学是人类学.
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 古气候学 古气候学
背景情况:
- 北美表现出极大的语言多样性,有许多语言家族和结构类型.
- 了解美洲的人口需要将语言数据与史前证据整合起来.
- 以前的定居模式缺乏语言结构分析的全面整合.
研究的目的:
- 提出早期北美定居点和扩张的综合模型.
- 为了使语言结构模式与考古学和古气候学数据保持一致.
- 描述早期北美的语言人口结构和时间表.
主要方法:
- 对60种北美语言的语音和形态特征进行比较分析.
- 语言特征的频率比较和集群分析.
- 语言发现与考古学和古气候学证据的整合,用于定居点窗口.
主要成果:
- 确定了北美四个潜在的冰河时代进入窗口:沿海 (大约24,000和15,000年前) 和内陆 (大约14,000和12,000年前).
- 语言多样性与地理分布,入境时间表和两个不同的创始人口层相关.
- 现代语言地理学反映了进入时期的冰川范围.
结论:
- 该研究提出了一个改进的北美定居模式,有两个时间层和四个入境事件.
- 语言证据支持两个不同的,内部多样化的古西伯利亚语言群体作为创始人的假设.
- 为了完善定居模式,需要在语言学,遗传学和考古学方面进行进一步的跨学科研究.
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