人工智能在医疗保健中的选择性部署:算法的伦理算法
Robert Vandersluis1,2, Julian Savulescu1,3
1Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Bioethics
|March 30, 2024
概括
在医疗保健中对机器学习工具的选择性部署可能在道德上是合理的,因为有充分代表的群体可以避免伤害,即使它暂时排除了代表性不足的人口. 这种方法优先考虑直接的效用,同时通过透明度和数据收集解决公平问题.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 健康 公平 卫生 公平
背景情况:
- 机器学习算法在医疗保健诊断和预后方面具有重大潜力.
- 由于数据缺陷,代表性不足的群体存在绩效差异,可能造成损害.
- 推迟部署以获得完美的公平性可能会导致众多人群中可避免的死亡.
研究的目的:
- 解决在医疗保健中的算法公平性和实用性之间的伦理困境.
- 为选择性部署诊断和预后工具提出框架.
- 检查乳腺癌和黑色素瘤的案例研究,以告知道德部署战略.
主要方法:
- 分析了两个案例研究:乳腺癌和黑色素瘤.
- 选择性部署与普遍延迟的伦理论证.
- 建议采取非算法措施,以解决历史不公正和数据缺陷的问题.
- 开发用于部署决策的伦理算法.
主要成果:
- 当包容性对代表性不足的群体造成伤害时,对有代表性的群体进行选择性部署可能在道德上是合理的.
- 对于被排斥的人群来说,透明度,附加服务和数据收集等非算法措施至关重要.
- 迫切需要承诺和监管,以尽量减少被排除在外的群体的延迟.
结论:
- 需要采取平衡的方法,允许选择性部署,同时积极努力实现通用,公平的算法准确性.
- 对患者关于算法限制的透明度至关重要.
- 解决历史上的不公正需要专注的努力超越算法调整,得到政策和资金的支持.
相关概念视频
Ethical Dilemmas II
1.0K
Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:
1.0K
Ethics and Bioethics
1.4K
Ethics is a philosophical study of moral actions. Ethics attempts to determine what is valuable for individuals and society. It examines the rational justification of moral judgments and analyzes what is morally just, fair, and right. Bioethics is a sub-discipline of applied ethics that analyzes the philosophical, social, and legal issues in life sciences and medicine. Ethical theories serve as a foundation for decision-making and represent the viewpoints from which people seek direction. They...
1.4K
Ethical Issues
941
Nurses are essential in patient care, upholding the ethical principles of their profession and effectively navigating ethical dilemmas. Neglecting ethical issues can lead to inadequate patient care, compromised therapeutic relationships, and moral distress among healthcare workers.
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
941
Ethical Dilemmas I
886
Ethical dilemmas in nursing are of utmost importance, as they often arise from the tension between adhering to core ethical principles and the practical realities of healthcare delivery. These dilemmas require nurses to navigate complex situations where competing ethical considerations pull them in different directions.
Let us explore some examples to understand the potentially complex moral decisions nurses face.
Take the case of caring for minors, particularly in areas related to reproductive...
Let us explore some examples to understand the potentially complex moral decisions nurses face.
Take the case of caring for minors, particularly in areas related to reproductive...
886
Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System
5.6K
The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
5.6K
Ethical Standards I
799
The American Nurses Association (ANA) created and implemented the first nationally accepted Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements. The Code of Ethics is a living document regularly updated by the ANA and establishes an ethical standard that is non-negotiable for nurses in all roles and settings.
The Code of Ethics provisions outline the nurse's duty to the patient, the healthcare team, the profession, and society. The Code's fundamental principles include advocacy,...
The Code of Ethics provisions outline the nurse's duty to the patient, the healthcare team, the profession, and society. The Code's fundamental principles include advocacy,...
799


