我们是否能保护自己免受西尼罗河病毒的侵袭? 对知识,态度和实践及其决定因素进行系统审查
Marco Fonzo1, Chiara Bertoncello1, Liliana Tudor1
1Hygiene and Public Health Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Journal of infection and public health
|March 31, 2024
概括
西尼罗河病毒 (WNV) 的知识很高,但担忧驱使人们采取预防措施,如使用驱逐剂. 有针对性的公共卫生信息对于有效的个人保护行为 (PPBs) 对于WNV至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 载体传播疾病 载体传播疾病
背景情况:
- 西尼罗河病毒 (WNV) 是一个日益增长的全球关注,因为它的传播和严重的神经侵入性疾病的潜力.
- 预防措施依赖于监视,载体控制和个人保护行为 (PPB),但公众的吸收受到各种因素的影响.
- 了解关于WNV的公众知识,态度和做法 (KAP) 对于有效的健康沟通至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查有关西尼罗河病毒 (WNV) 的知识,态度和实践 (KAP) 的现有文献.
- 确定影响采用个人保护行为 (PPBs) 预防WNV的决定因素.
- 为有效的WNV风险沟通和干预提供公共卫生策略的信息.
主要方法:
- 在EMBASE,PubMed/MEDLINE和Web of Science数据库中进行了基于PRISMA的系统审查.
- 在选了2963篇文章后,包括了17项研究,其质量使用跨部分研究 (CEBMa) 批判性评估检查清单进行了评估.
- 提取和分析了关于WNV预防方法的认识,知识,关注和实践的数据.
主要成果:
- 在大多数研究中,关于WNV传播的认识和知识超过了90%,WNV的关注程度在50%到80%之间.
- 排斥剂的使用率有所不同 (30-75%),老年人和孕妇的使用率较低,尽管人们对排斥剂的安全性存在担忧 (27-70%).
- 对于WNV的关注,预防措施的采用显著增加 (2-4倍);学校干预措施促进了除水和服装实践,但没有使用驱逐剂.
结论:
- 对WNV的担忧是预防行动的关键动机,但必须促进基于证据的个人保护行为 (PPB),以解决毫无根据的恐惧.
- 公共卫生沟通应侧重于促进有效的PPB,例如适当的排斥剂使用,特别是在弱势群体中.
- 需要针对整个人口制定有针对性的预防策略,包括难以到达和非流行地区,以管理WNV不断扩大的地理范围.
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