相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 29, 2025

05:07
Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
Published on: June 23, 2019
6.7K
编程异循环合成使用Halomucononitriles作为Pyridinimine前体
Adam J Zahara1, Brandon E Haines2, Sidney M Wilkerson-Hill1
1Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.
Organic letters
|April 1, 2024
概括
这项研究提出了一种两步方法,从原始氨基中合成药物构建基,如imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines和7-alkyl azaindoles. 这种新的方法利用氨基烯酸试剂进行高效的循环和随后的交叉合或C-H功能化反应.
科学领域:
- 有机合成 有机合成
- 药用化学 医学化学
- 异环化学 异环化学
背景情况:
- 初级氨基是制药开发中的关键构建块.
- 有效合成含的异循环对于药物发现至关重要.
- 现有的合成伊米达佐[1,2-a]里丁和阿赞醇的方法可能是有限的.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种多用途的两步合成路由,从初级氨基到伊米达佐[1,2-a]里丁和7-乙烯亚甘醇.
- 探索子酸试剂在异环合成中的实用性.
- 为了研究反应机制以改善合成控制.
主要方法:
- 主要氨基的循环与halomucononitrile试剂形成胺胺.
- 索诺加希拉 (Sonogashira) 的氨酸的交叉合产生了7-基亚辛多尔.
- 氧化性C-H功能化皮里迪尼胺产生意米达佐[1,2-a]皮里迪因.
- 密度函数理论 (DFT) 计算以阐明循环化机制.
主要成果:
- 从初级氨基酸中成功合成5 - - 6 - 氨基-1 - -1,6-二二二 - 碳烯酸 (pyridinimines) 在25-93%的收益率.
- 通过索诺加希拉合 (13个例子) 的方法,将氨酸胺转化为7基亚辛多尔,最高可产生91%的产量.
- 通过Pyridinimines的C-H功能化证明了imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine的合成.
- 拟议的机制涉及连续基质介导的E/Z同质化和循环化.
结论:
- 从初级氨基酸中合成有价值的制药支架的强大而有效的两步方法已经建立.
- 开发的方法提供了对7-基亚桑醇和伊米达佐[1,2-a]里丁的获取.
- 机械的见解为进一步优化和应用这种合成策略提供了基础.
相关概念视频
Preparation of Nitriles
2.0K
One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
2.0K
Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Mechanism
3.5K
The Hofmann and Curtius rearrangement reactions can be applied to synthesize primary amines from carboxylic acid derivatives such as amides and acyl azides. In the Hofmann rearrangement, a primary amide undergoes deprotonation in the presence of a base, followed by halogenation to generate an N-haloamide. A second proton abstraction produces a stabilized anionic species, which rearranges to an isocyanate intermediate via an alkyl group migration from the carbonyl carbon to the neighboring...
3.5K
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview
2.7K
Cyanohydrins are compounds that contain –CN and –OH groups on the same carbon atom. They are formed by the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide ions to the carbonyl group. Cyanide ions are highly basic and nucleophilic and can be generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. However, since HCN is a weak acid, the number of cyanide ions generated is very small. Hence, a small amount of base or KCN/NaCN is added to HCN to increase the concentration of the cyanide ions in the reaction...
2.7K
Preparation of Amides
3.0K
Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
3.0K
Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis
3.9K
Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
3.9K
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis
3.5K
Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
3.5K

