北美鸟类的度最佳的显著变化
Paulo Mateus Martins1,2, Marti J Anderson1,2, Winston L Sweatman3
1New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand.
概括
由于气候变化,北美鸟类种群正向北移动,平均峰值丰度每年移动1.5公里. 这些转变是由物种驱动的.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 气候变化生物学 气候变化生物学
- 鸟类学 鸟类学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 气候变化正在改变环境条件,可能超过物种的适应能力.
- 预计物种将在应对气候变暖的情况下将分布向极点转移.
- 度最佳转移可以发生在物种的范围内,独立于范围边界变化.
研究的目的:
- 量化过去55年来北美鸟类的度最佳度的变化.
- 为了识别影响极点转移的特定物种特征.
- 评估范围内的丰度变化的生态后果,并为保护战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 用灵活的非线性零膨胀模型,对209种北美鸟类的年度度最佳值 (m) 估计.
- 量化了m随着时间的推移而发生的年度变化.
- 与物种特征 (热量最佳,息地专业化,领土性) 和区域差异 (美国西部与东部) 相关的转变.
主要成果:
- 研究的三分之一 (70) 的鸟类种类在他们的度最佳度中表现出显著的变化.
- 平均峰值丰度以每年1.5公里的平均速度向北移动,在55年中总计为82.5公里.
- 向北极的变化与热量最佳,息地专业化和领土性有关,在美国西部观察到的变化更大.
结论:
- 个体物种的度变化与它们的热最佳值有很强的相关性,这表明气候驱动的反应.
- 物种正在从历史上最优的实现中流离失所,这可能导致严重的生态后果.
- 保护工作必须考虑到范围内的丰度转移,因为目前的最佳区域可能不适合.
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