降级轻罪定罪和随后的暴力犯罪的队列研究:被告种族和种族的差异
Julia P Schleimer1,2, Miriam J Haviland2, Amy Gallagher2
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
AJPM focus
|April 1, 2024
概括
像认罪谈判这样的刑事法律系统过程可以影响结果. 与只有轻罪指控的白人被告相比,最初受到重罪指控的白人被告在随后受到暴力犯罪指控的风险更高.
科学领域:
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 刑事定罪是犯罪行为的不完美的指标,因为法律系统的过程,如辩护谈判.
- 该研究探讨了刑事司法结果的差异及其对重犯行为的影响.
- 了解最初的指控与后续的罪行之间的联系对于评估刑事法律制度的公平性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较最初被指控犯有重罪的个人与仅被指控犯有轻罪的个人之间随后的暴力犯罪指控的风险.
- 检查在初始指控严重程度和未来暴力犯罪风险之间的关系中的种族和种族差异.
- 调查降级对不同种族和民族群体的附带后果的影响.
主要方法:
- 在华盛顿高级法院 (2015-2019) 被判犯有轻罪的个人的回顾性队列研究 (2015-2019).
- 年龄/性别匹配的个人与最初的重罪指控与那些只有轻罪指控 (4:1比率) 的比较.
- 用于分析随后的暴力犯罪指控风险的细灰色危险模型,直到2020年12月31日.
主要成果:
- 与只有轻罪指控的白人被告相比,最初受到重罪指控的白人被告的随后暴力犯罪指控风险明显更高 (aHR=2.58).
- 在黑人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔被告中,最初的重罪指控与随后的暴力犯罪指控的风险增加没有显著联系.
- 该研究确定了初始指控严重程度和未来暴力犯罪风险之间的差异关联,基于被告的种族和种族.
结论:
- 调查结果表明,将重罪指控降级为轻罪定罪与种族和种族群体的未来暴力犯罪指控存在差异.
- 这些差异凸显了刑事定罪的附带后果中的潜在不平等.
- 该研究强调了在分析刑事司法系统流程对重犯和长期结果的影响时需要考虑种族和种族.
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