在集体生活环境中对SARS-CoV-2传播的预测因素:一个多中心前性研究
Jerome A Leis1,2,3,4, Christina K Chan2, Charlie Tan2
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
背景:
居住在集体生活场所(如养老院和独立生活机构)的老年人因2019冠状病毒病而面临更高的发病率和死亡率风险。我们开展了一项前瞻性多中心研究,针对连续发生的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)暴露事件,以确定此类环境中病毒传播的预测因素。
方法:
2022年9月1日至2023年3月1日期间,前瞻性地对17家长期护理机构(CLS)中连续发生的居民SARS-CoV-2暴露事件进行了特征分析,包括与环境、传染源及暴露居民相关的因素。在暴露发生地点测量了房间大小、湿度和通风情况。将上述预测因子纳入广义估计方程模型,并对同一机构内暴露事件的相关性进行校正。
结果:
在17个长期护理机构(CLS)中连续发生的670次SARS-CoV-2暴露事件中,有328例(49.0%)发生了传播。传播风险增加与以下因素相关:养老院(比值比(OR)= 90.8;95% CI,7.8–1047.4)、杰克与吉尔共用房间(Jack and Jill rooms)(OR = 2.2;95% CI,1.3–3.6)、传染源处于无症状前期(OR = 11.2;95% CI,4.1–30.9)、有症状期(OR = 6.5;95% CI,1.4–29.9)或快速抗原检测阳性(OR = 35.6;95% CI,5.6–225.6),以及存在二次暴露(OR = 6.3;95% CI,1.6–24.0)。在餐厅内暴露(OR = 0.02;95% CI,0.005–0.08)以及中等大小的房间(OR = 0.3;95% CI,0.2–0.6)则与传播风险降低相关。暴露居民近期接种疫苗(OR = 0.5;95% CI,0.3–1.0)和房间通风增强(OR = 0.9;95% CI,0.8–1.0)与传播风险降低呈边缘性关联。
结论:
对中国台湾地区临床实验室工作人员(CLS)的SARS-CoV-2暴露情况进行前瞻性评估表明,暴露源的特征及暴露发生的位置是预测本地传播风险的最主要因素。这些发现可为风险评估以及进一步制定临床实验室中阻断传播的防控策略提供依据。
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