自闭症谱系障碍中精神旋转和语言
Caroline Larson1,2, Agata Bochynska3,4, Mila Vulchanova4
1Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
概括
与神经类型同龄人相比,自闭症个体在心理旋转任务上表现出更低的准确性和更慢的反应时间. 语言技能与两个组的准确性有关,但与自闭症个体的反应时间无关.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 视觉空间技能通常被认为是自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的优势,但与神经类型 (NT) 同龄人相比,一些人经历了困难.
- 在ASD中空间认知和语言技能之间的潜在分离可能是这些观察到的困难的基础,因为这些系统在NT个体中是相互连接的.
研究的目的:
- 调查与NT同龄人相比,ASD个体在心理轮换任务上的表现.
- 检查刺激特征 (2D与3D,抽象与对象) 在两组中如何影响心理旋转表现.
- 在ASD和NT群体中确定结构性语言能力与心理旋转性能 (精度和反应时间) 之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 参与者包括患有自闭症的儿童和年轻人以及年龄和智商匹配的NT对照.
- 进行了四个条件的心理旋转任务:二维抽象数字,3D抽象数字,2D常见对象,3D常见对象.
- 结构性语言的评估是使用语言发展测试的语法子级:中级 (挪威语调整) 进行的.
主要成果:
- 与NT同龄人相比,患有自闭症的个体在所有条件下在精神旋转任务上表现出明显较低的准确性和较慢的反应时间.
- 在ASD和NT组中,语言技能与心理旋转精度有积极的关联.
- 语言技能仅在NT组与反应时间相关,这表明ASD组存在分离.
结论:
- 自闭症患者在精神旋转任务中的表现差异与神经类型的同龄人相比较.
- 在ASD中观察到语言和空间认知之间的选择性关联,特别是语言和处理效率 (反应时间) 之间的分离.
- 这种分离可能表明,自闭症谱系障碍患者的视觉空间和语言处理系统之间存在更广泛的分歧.
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