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精确的物种分类北极牙的回声定位点击使用三分之一的八度比率

Marie J Zahn¹, Michael Ladegaard², Malene Simon³

¹Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

|April 2, 2024

概括

通过被动声学监测,可以有效地识别北极牙. 用特定的频率变化区分白和鱼的回声定位点击,从而实现100%准确的物种识别.

科学领域:

海洋生物学海洋生物学
生物声学是一种生物声学.
北极的生态学北极的生态学

背景情况:

被动声学监测对于在偏远的北极地区研究鱼至关重要.
区分白 (Delphinapterus leucas) 和鱼 (Monodon monoceros) 对于北极生态系统研究至关重要.
呼声定位点击为物种识别提供独特的声学特征.

研究的目的:

开发和验证先进的声学方法,以区分白和鱼的回声定位点击.
为了提高北极牙的自动物种识别的准确性.
评估回声定位点击特征对长期监测的有用性.

主要方法:

从格陵兰西北部的停泊场进行长期声学录音的分析.
对白鱼和鱼回声定位点击进行光谱分析,重点关注能量分布和频率限制.
特定频段 (16-25 kHz和25-40 kHz) 之间的三分之一八度水平 (TOL) 的比较.
使用TOL比率开发随机森林分类模型.

主要成果:

贝卢加点击表现出高于30千赫的峰值能量,而纳瓦点击的频率限制在20千赫附近.
确定了明显的TOL比率:在纳瓦鱼的16-25 kHz之间大幅增加,在白鱼的25-40 kHz之间大幅增加.
随机森林模型在根据这些TOL比率对声学事件进行分类时实现了100%的准确性.

结论:

呼声定位TOL比率提供了一种可靠的方法来区分白和鱼的点击.
这些发现支持开发用于对北极牙的声学监测的自动分类器.
该方法可能适用于其他有牙的鱼物种 (odontocetes).

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