获取基因的隐藏多样性和潜在的生态功能在广泛的陆地菌体中
Jie-Liang Liang1, Shi-Wei Feng1, Jing-Li Lu1
1Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
Nature communications
|April 2, 2024
概括
陆地病毒拥有新的 (P) 获取基因,可以增强微生物的P吸收. 这些病毒基因显著影响土壤的P可用性和循环,突出显示病毒.
科学领域:
- 微生物生态学 微生物生态学
- 环境微生物学 环境微生物学
- 生物地质化学生物地质化学
背景情况:
- (P) 限制是控制陆地生态系统过程的关键因素.
- 虽然已知水生菌体携带有辅助代谢基因 (AMG),有助于P获取,但陆地菌体的P获取基因在很大程度上尚未表征.
- 了解病毒在营养循环中的作用对于完整的生态图片至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究陆地细菌菌体编码的P获取基因的多样性和潜在的生态功能.
- 识别涉及在土壤环境中微生物获取的新型病毒基因.
- 评估病毒P-获取基因对土壤生物地质化学的贡献.
主要方法:
- 分析来自中国不同陆地息地的333个土壤元基因组.
- 识别和描述编码P-获取AMG的病毒操作分类单位 (vOTU).
- 对于选择的病毒酸酶的体外酶活性测定.
- 病毒和细菌基因丰度和表达在土壤转录基因组中的比较.
主要成果:
- 确定了75个编码105个P-获取AMG的VOTU,覆盖了17种功能基因类型.
- 发现了11种新的P-获取AMG (超过60%的确定的类型).
- 实验证实了病毒酸盐酶和酸酸酶的酶活性.
- 发现病毒P-获取基因是可检测的,有时比土壤中的细菌对应物更有影响力.
结论:
- 陆地菌体编码了多种多样的P-获取AMG,包括许多新型基因.
- 这些病毒基因具有功能性酶活性,可以显著影响土壤的P可用性和循环.
- 纳入病毒贡献对于全面了解陆地生态系统中生物地球化学循环至关重要.
相关概念视频
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages
70.7K
Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
70.7K
Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages
62.1K
In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
62.1K
CRISPR and crRNAs
17.0K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
17.0K
The Phosphorus Cycle
36.8K
Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
36.8K
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes
43.8K
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
43.8K
Phosphorylation
50.3K
The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
50.3K


