带有神经细胞和脊椎动物神经皮细胞祖先的属性的状胚胎细胞
1Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Nature ecology & evolution
|April 2, 2024
概括
早期脊椎动物和类动物的祖先细胞可能拥有神经细胞和神经皮细胞 (NMP) 的特征. 这些祖先细胞可能在胚胎发育过程中为外皮和中皮两种血统作出了贡献.
科学领域:
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 神经细胞和神经皮原生细胞 (NMPs) 对脊椎动物胚胎发育至关重要.
- ,脊椎动物的近亲无脊椎动物,拥有神经状细胞,这表明这些细胞类型的古代起源.
- 之前的研究表明,状神经状细胞主要产生外皮衍生物,与脊椎动物对应物不同.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查状细胞是否表现出与脊椎动物神经细胞和NMPs相似的特性.
- 为了确定这些状细胞种群的发育潜力和遗传调节.
- 为了推断出ascidians和脊椎动物的最后共同祖先的祖先细胞的特征.
主要方法:
- 对胚胎侧面神经板中细胞群的分析.
- 基因表达分析,专注于Tbx6,Sox1/2/3,DLx.b,Zic-r.b和Snai. 这三种基因表达.
- 在ascidians和脊椎动物之间进行跨物种转录组比较.
主要成果:
- 侧神经板中的特定的状细胞群体显示了神经细胞和NMPs的特征.
- 表达Tbx6的细胞有助于肌肉发育,而表达Sox1/2/3的细胞形成了神经.
- 发现一个涉及Dlx.b,Zic-r.b和Snai的基因电路激活了Tbx6,反映了脊椎动物神经基因调节.
结论:
- 状细胞具有类似于脊椎动物NMP的特性,对肌肉和神经组织都有贡献.
- 鉴定出来的基因调节网络表明,状细胞和脊椎动物神经状细胞之间存在着保守的机制.
- 最后的共同祖先可能具有具有双重外皮和中皮发育潜力的细胞,类似于NMP和神经细胞.
相关概念视频
01:30Neurulation
41.9K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
41.9K
01:51Determination
18.5K
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
18.5K
01:56Gastrulation
57.4K
Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
57.4K
01:10Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation
5.2K
The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
5.2K
00:57Embryonic Stem Cells
3.5K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
3.5K