呼声定位蝙蝠已经进化了对噪音引起的暂时听力损失的敏感性降低
Andrea Megela Simmons1,2,3, James A Simmons4,5
1Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA. Andrea_Simmons@brown.edu.
概括
呼声定位蝙蝠表现出了显著的听力适应. 大型棕色蝙蝠对强烈噪音造成的暂时听力损失表现出抵抗力,这表明它们专注于杂的环境.
科学领域:
- 生物声学是一种生物声学.
- 听觉神经科学 听觉神经科学
- 比较心理学比较心理学
背景情况:
- 格莱尼斯·朗 (Glenis Long) 开创了用于比较听力研究的心理物理方法.
- 呼声定位蝙蝠拥有专门的听觉系统,用于在复杂的声学环境中导航.
- 以前的研究强调了马蝙蝠的超急性频率歧视.
研究的目的:
- 调查听力专业化在回声定位蝙蝠感知复杂的听觉场景中的回声.
- 评估大棕色蝙蝠对噪音诱导的临时值转移的敏感性.
- 探索在噪音环境中对回声定位的潜在适应.
主要方法:
- 对大棕色蝙蝠 (Eptesicus fuscus) 进行了心理物理和行为研究.
- 暴露于长时间,强烈的宽带和窄带超声波噪声中的蝙蝠.
- 测量了回声值,在自然的声纳场景中的定向,以及听觉脑干反应.
主要成果:
- 大棕色蝙蝠在暴露于噪音后的回声值没有显著增加.
- 通过复杂的声纳场景的定位仍然不受强烈的超声波噪声的影响.
- 听觉脑干响应值仍然很低,表明对暂时值转移的抵抗力.
结论:
- 与其他哺乳动物相比,大棕色蝙蝠对噪音诱导的临时值转移的敏感性降低.
- 假设这种抵抗是一种在声学上具有挑战性的环境中对回声定位的进化专业化.
- 需要进一步的研究来定义这种观察到的弹性刺激参数的全部范围.
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