在全新纪和晚期普莱斯托纪人类中的椎骨体积分数
Caroline Cartwright1, Anna Ragni2, Jean-Jacques Hublin3
1Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
Journal of human evolution
|April 3, 2024
概括
最近人类的骨比古代人类的骨密度小,这种变化与活动减少有关. 这项研究发现,与现代人相比,晚期普世人类的手臂和腿部骨密度更高.
科学领域:
- 古人类学古人类学.
- 骨生物学 骨生物学
- 人类进化人类进化
背景情况:
- 现代人类表现出骨的优雅性,其特点是下椎骨体积分数 (BV/TV),这归因于Holocene时期的体力活动减少.
- 对世化石的有限的高分辨率成像已经阻碍了对古代人类群体中BV/TV的彻底分析.
研究的目的:
- 通过比较状骨体积分数 (BV/TV) 来研究骨花纹化,在晚期普世和最近的现代人类中.
- 了解骨优雅的出现及其与不同人类时代和生存策略的身体活动水平的关系.
主要方法:
- 微计算机断层扫描 (micro-CT) 用于量化BV/TV.
- 测量是从晚期普莱斯托纪人类化石 (Dolní Věstonice,Ohalo II) 和最近的人类样本 (农民和狩猎采集者) 的股骨,腰骨和手腕骨上进行的.
主要成果:
- 与最近的人类相比,晚期普莱斯托时代人类在股骨和腰骨中显示出明显更高的BV/TV,这支持了早期人群更大的骨强度的预测.
- 在最近的农业和狩猎采集者群体之间没有发现甲手腕BV/TV的显著差异,这挑战了反映在手骨密度中的活动水平的假设.
结论:
- 这些发现表明,晚期普世人类的骨比最近人类更坚固,特别是在四肢骨中.
- 最近的生存群体之间甲手腕骨密度缺乏差异表明,状BV/TV可能不是所有骨元素或群体活动水平的直接指标.
- 这项研究促使人们重新评估考古学活动假设与骨形态,特别是状骨结构之间的关系.
更多相关视频
06:59Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model
Published on: September 8, 2023
2.3K
09:36Outer-Boundary Assisted Segmentation and Quantification of Trabecular Bones by an Imagej Plugin
Published on: March 14, 2018
9.4K
相关概念视频
01:09Spongy Bone
4.4K
All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
4.4K
01:27Compact Bone
11.5K
Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
11.5K
01:29Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification
6.1K
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
6.1K
01:27Cranial Bones: Lateral View
2.2K
The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
2.2K
01:40Bone Remodeling
38.3K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
38.3K
01:09Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
2.0K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
2.0K