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低估行为和大脑对食物和金钱奖励的反应的差异
M Markman1, E Saruco1, S Al-Bas1
1Department of Neurology, BG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44869, Germany.
eNeuro
|April 3, 2024
概括
神经经济学研究表明,虽然对金钱和食物的折扣行为是相似的,但食物选择更冲动. 大脑成像显示了处理货币奖励与食物奖励的独特神经通路,影响决策.
科学领域:
- 神经经济学 神经经济学
- 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 了解不同奖励类型如何影响决策在神经经济学中至关重要.
- 延迟折扣,即奖励随着时间的推移而值,是基于价值的选择的一个关键方面.
- 之前的研究主要集中在货币奖励上,使得主要奖励的影响不那么被探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查主要 (食物) 和次要 (金钱) 奖励之间的延迟折扣行为的差异.
- 为了比较各种计算模型在解释奖励特异性折扣方面的有效性.
- 使用功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 识别与扣除不同奖励类型相关的神经相关物.
主要方法:
- 功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 用于研究28名健康参与者.
- 参与者进行了延迟折扣任务,涉及货币和食物奖励.
- 使用基于选项的统计模型 (指数式,夸张式) 和启发式选择模型分析了折扣行为.
主要成果:
- 货币和食物的折扣行为是可比的,主要遵循指数折扣模式.
- 食品的更高的折扣率 (k值) 表明当即可获得食品奖励时,人们会更冲动地选择.
- fMRI数据显示了不同的神经激活模式:金钱折扣涉及右背侧前额皮质和右背条纹体,而食物折扣则涉及左侧关节.
结论:
- 与不同策略的假设相反,在两种奖励类型中都观察到类似的折扣模式.
- 奖励类型显著影响冲动性,主要奖励如食物导致更冲动的决策.
- 独特的神经机制是货币与食物奖励的基础,突出显示了奖励显著性对决策和执行控制的影响.
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