饮料 - - 北欧2023年营养建议的范围审查
Emily Sonestedt1, Marko Lukic2
1Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Food & nutrition research
|April 4, 2024
概括
适度饮用咖啡和茶对健康没有长期不利影响,但对某些癌症和心血管健康有潜在的益处. 含糖饮料 (SSB) 的高摄入量与不良结果有关,而低热量和无热量含糖饮料 (LNCSB) 的结果各不相同.
科学领域:
- 营养流行病学 营养流行病学
- 公共卫生 营养 公共卫生 营养
- 饮食指南 饮食指南
背景情况:
- 在北欧和波罗的海国家,咖啡,茶,含糖饮料 (SSB) 和低卡路里和无卡路里含糖饮料 (LNCSB) 被广泛消费.
- 这些饮料与各种健康结果有关,需要对饮食指南更新进行审查.
研究的目的:
- 审查咖啡,茶,SSB和LNCSB对健康影响的证据.
- 为在北欧和波罗的海地区制定和更新基于食品的饮食指南提供基础.
主要方法:
- 权威机构 (如世卫组织,欧洲食品安全局) 进行系统审查的证据的范围审查.
- 包括额外的系统审查,以全面评估饮料与健康的关系.
- 分析随机对照试验 (RCT) 和前性队列研究的证据.
主要成果:
- 适度饮用咖啡和茶并没有与长期的不良健康影响有关;咖啡可能会降低某些癌症,2型糖尿病和心血管死亡的风险.
- 煮熟的咖啡 (富含底烯) 可能会增加血清胆固醇;在怀孕期间摄入大量咖啡因与不良妊娠结果有关.
- 高SSB消费与肥胖,2型糖尿病,高血压和心血管疾病的风险增加有关.
- LNCSBs可能会导致成年人适度减肥,但在RCT和观察性研究之间显示出有关心脏代谢风险标志物的相互矛盾的结果.
结论:
- 适度咖啡和茶的摄入量通常是安全的,观察数据表明对特定的健康结果有好处.
- 怀孕期间应避免大量摄入煮熟咖啡和过量的咖啡因;由于不良健康关联,SSB应该受到限制.
- 需要进一步的研究来澄清LNCSBs的作用,因为研究设计之间存在矛盾的证据.
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