工作记忆训练可以改善老年人的情节性记忆:基于受控检索过程的转移.
Patricia Zamarreño1, Pedro M Mateos1, Alberto Valentín1
1Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Frontiers in psychology
|April 4, 2024
概括
工作记忆训练可以改善老年人的情节性记忆,但只有当记忆测试使用类似的认知过程时. 这表明有针对性的训练可以增强老年人群中的特定记忆功能.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 衰老的神经科学 衰老的神经科学
- 人类的记忆 人类的记忆
背景情况:
- 工作记忆 (WM) 训练对改善老年人的情节性记忆的有效性是不一致的.
- 这种不一致可能源于WM训练任务和情节性记忆测试之间的认知资源不匹配.
- 情节性记忆依赖于受控的检索过程,例如回忆,这可能适合WM训练.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查是否在WM训练后,当记忆测试特别涉及受控检索过程时,情节性记忆性能是否会得到改善.
- 为了确定复杂的跨度任务的训练是否提高了需要回忆的插曲性记忆测试的表现.
主要方法:
- 招募了55名老年人 (60岁以上),其中27名在实验组 (EG) 和28名在对照组 (CG).
- 集团公司接受了复杂跨度任务的培训,而集团公司没有接受具体培训.
- 两组人都通过口头和视觉空间情节性记忆识别测试进行了评估,并在干预期之前和之后进行了WM跨度任务.
主要成果:
- 差异分析 (ANOVA) 显示,与CG相比,EG回忆估计的改善显著更大.
- 在口头识别 (p=0.023) 和视觉空间识别 (p=0.014) 测试中都观察到这种改善.
- 结果表明,当涉及到共享的认知资源时,训练效应会转移.
结论:
- 工作记忆训练,特别是复杂的跨度任务,可以提高老年人的情节性记忆表现.
- 这种增强取决于需要控制的搜索和检索过程 (回忆) 的情节性记忆测试.
- 确定共享的认知资源对于为老龄化人口设计有效的认知干预措施至关重要.
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