用于金属电池的金属阳极的接口修改
Ramesh Kumar Petla1, Ian Lindsey1, Jianlin Li2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
ChemSusChem
|April 4, 2024
概括
金属电池提供更高的能量密度,但面临安全挑战. 本综述涵盖了金属阳极问题和用于更安全,商业化的电池的接口工程.
科学领域:
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 电化学 电化学 电化学
- 储能 储能 储能 储能 储能 储能
背景情况:
- 与离子电池 (LIB) 相比,金属电池 (LMB) 的能量密度要高得多,这使得它们对电力运输具有吸引力.
- 对LMB商业化的主要障碍是与金属 (Li) 阳极相关的安全性和性能差.
- 了解基本机制和开发有效的解决方案对于推进LMB技术至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 提供对金属阳极的挑战,表征技术和接口工程策略的全面审查.
- 巩固当前关于液态和固态LMBs的阳极问题知识.
- 识别研究缺口,并刺激新的解决方案,用于LMBs的商业化.
主要方法:
- 关于阳极的理论和实验研究的文献综述.
- 分析用于评估阳极性能和安全性的表征方法.
- 关于液体和固体LMB的接口工程方法的信息综合.
主要成果:
- 确定关键挑战,包括树岩的形成,低库伦比克效率和安全风险.
- 对阳极的in-situ和ex-situ分析的先进表征技术的概述.
- 界面工程策略的总结,如固体电解质和保护层,以减轻阳极问题.
结论:
- 通过全面的理解和有针对性的接口工程来解决Li极的挑战,对于LMB的商业化至关重要.
- 需要进一步的研究来开发安全和高性能LMB的强大和可扩展的解决方案.
- 本次审查旨在指导未来的研究,以加速在交通电气化中采用LMB.
相关概念视频
03:12Batteries and Fuel Cells
27.3K
A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
27.3K
01:19Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction
2.8K
Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
2.8K
01:08Electrodeposition
633
Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
Electrodeposition can...
633
01:20Amides to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction
4.7K
Amide reduction with strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution to form amines. Primary, secondary, and tertiary amides yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, respectively.
Amide reduction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent, acting as a source of hydride ions. As shown in the figure, the reaction is initiated with a nucleophilic attack by the hydride ion at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate.
Amide reduction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent, acting as a source of hydride ions. As shown in the figure, the reaction is initiated with a nucleophilic attack by the hydride ion at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate.
4.7K
03:00Electrolysis
26.3K
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
26.3K
02:51Metal-Ligand Bonds
20.8K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
20.8K