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解决百脚的困境:外部焦点距离和专业知识的应用,持续的技能
Stephen Banks1, Peter Higgins2, John Sproule2
1University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. steve.banks@ed.ac.uk.
Psychological research
|April 4, 2024
概括
外部关注提高了技能表现. 休皮划艇运动员以远距离的焦点 (在终点上) 冲刺得更快,而训练有素的赛车运动员则以中立的焦点表现最好. 对设备的近距离关注阻碍了两组团队的表现.
科学领域:
- 体育科学 运动科学
- 运动学习是指运动学习.
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 与内部焦点相比,注意力的外部焦点可以提高技能表现,保留和转移.
- 优化外部焦点对于在各种体育环境中有效执行技能至关重要.
- 焦点距离对持续体育技能的影响需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估外部对焦距离对划艇冲刺表现的影响.
- 为了比较近距离与远距离外部焦点对娱乐和训练有素的 kajakers 的性能的影响.
- 根据参与者的专业知识水平来确定焦点距离是否会对表现产生不同影响.
主要方法:
- 两项研究使用划艇冲刺作为应用的连续运动技巧进行.
- 第1项研究涉及20名休皮划艇运动员在近距离焦点,远距离焦点和控制条件下进行75米冲刺.
- 第二项研究涉及16名训练有素的跑步者在同样的三个条件下进行100米冲刺,测量冲刺时间.
主要成果:
- 休皮划艇者以远距离的焦点 (在终点上) 与近距离的焦点 (在船上) 或控制相比,冲刺速度要快得多.
- 与近距离焦点相比,受过训练的赛车手在对照条件下表现明显更快;与远距离焦点没有发现显著差异.
- 对设备的近距离关注对休和训练有素的皮划艇运动员的表现造成了损害.
结论:
- 焦点距离显著影响持续技能表现,专业知识水平调节了这种影响.
- 远距离的焦点有利于休皮划艇者,而训练有素的运动员可能不会从这种特定的外部焦点中获得优势.
- 对设备的近距离关注可能会对划艇冲刺的表现产生负面影响,无论技能水平如何.
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