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监测追踪消除脊髓灰质炎的进展 - 全球,2022-2023年
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
|April 4, 2024
概括
全球消除脊髓灰质炎的努力依赖于急性松性麻 (AFP) 和环境监测. 虽然野性脊髓灰质炎1型 (WPV1) 仅限于阿富汗和巴基斯坦,但监测缺口仍然存在,这凸显了持续监测的必要性.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 全球卫生安全 全球卫生安全
背景情况:
- 自1988年以来,全球脊髓灰质炎根除计划已显著减少野生脊髓灰质炎病毒 (WPV) 病例的99.9%以上.
- WPV 血清型 2 和 3 已经被根除,只有 WPV 类型 1 (WPV1) 仍然在阿富汗和巴基斯坦流行.
- 对急性松性 (AFP) 的监测和环境污水采样对于检测脊髓灰质炎病毒至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在2022-2023年期间,评估28个优先国家的脊髓灰质炎监测系统的关键绩效指标.
- 确定持续的监测缺口,并为加强脊髓灰质炎检测能力的战略提供信息.
- 评估全球脊髓灰质炎根除目标的进展情况.
主要方法:
- 分析AFP监测数据,包括病例检测和报告率.
- 对污水样本的环境监测数据进行审查,以检测脊髓灰质炎病毒.
- 全球脊髓灰质炎实验室网络绩效指标的评估.
- 从28个优先国家收集数据,用于脊髓灰质炎根除计划.
主要成果:
- 在2022年8月之后,在阿富汗和巴基斯坦以外没有发现WPV1病例.
- 在2022-2023年期间,71.4%的优先国家实现了国家AFP监测指标目标.
- 观察到环境监测站点数量的增加.
- 确定了持续存在的国家和地方AFP监测缺口,可能是由于报告滞后.
结论:
- 保持高质量的监测系统对于实现全球脊髓灰质炎根除至关重要.
- 监测监测指标的监测对于识别和解决脊髓灰质炎检测方面的弱点至关重要.
- 需要有针对性的加强监测活动,特别是在脊髓灰质炎病毒传播高风险地区.
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