儿童的大脑体积,行为抑制和焦虑障碍:来自青少年大脑认知发育研究的结果
Rawan A Hammoud1, Lara Abou Ammar2, Stephen J McCall2,3
1Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
BMC psychiatry
|April 4, 2024
概括
这项研究发现,儿童的大脑结构差异与行为抑制 (BI) 和焦虑障碍 (AD) 有关. 早期的焦虑可能会影响大脑发育,这表明BI和ADs有不同的神经生物学途径.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿科精神病学 儿科精神病学
背景情况:
- 儿童焦虑障碍 (ADS) 是一个越来越令人担忧的问题,神经成像研究的结果各不相同.
- 行为抑制 (BI),一种避免新奇情况的倾向,是ADS的关键预测因素.
- 在生命早期了解BI和AD的神经生物学基础至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究大脑体积,行为抑制 (BI) 和儿童焦虑障碍 (AD) 之间的关系.
- 用青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究的基线数据进行综合分析.
- 探索BI和ADs之间神经生物学相关的潜在差异.
主要方法:
- 使用磁共振成像 (MRI) 对9,353名儿童 (9-10岁) 全球和区域大脑体积的分析.
- 使用线性混合模型来评估与BI和当前AD的关联,控制共变量.
- 研究过去的焦虑对大脑体积的影响.
主要成果:
- 较低的BI分数与较大的总白质和丘脑体积以及较小的海马体积有关.
- 较大的皮质,杏仁体和前中心环总体量与当前ADs的几率较低有关.
- 患有AD史的儿童的总白质和杏仁体体积较小.
结论:
- 儿童早期的大脑体积与BI和ADs有关.
- ADS和BI的神经生物学相关物似乎是不同的,尽管早期的ADS可能会影响相关的大脑结构.
- 需要进一步的研究,以充分描述BI和AD之间的发育轨迹和神经生物学联系.
相关概念视频
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
55
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
55
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
59
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
59
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
31
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
31
01:30Biological Influences on Intelligence
98
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
98
01:30Information Processing Approach
34
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
34
01:15Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System
2.7K
The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
2.7K