神经伦理学,隐藏意识和残疾人权利:当人工智能遇到认知运动解离时会发生什么?
Joseph J Fins1, Kaiulani S Shulman1
1Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
Journal of cognitive neuroscience
|April 5, 2024
概括
人工智能 (AI) 为患有认知运动解离症 (CMD) 的人提供了潜力,但也引发了伦理方面的担忧. 需要仔细考虑,以确保人工智能有利于无声患者,而不会误解他们的意图.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
背景情况:
- 认知运动分离 (CMD) 涉及观察到的行为和意志命令之间的不一致,通常通过神经成像或EEG检测到.
- 隐藏意识在识别认知活动和外表行为之间的差距方面存在诊断挑战.
- 新兴的人工智能技术对具有隐藏意识的个人来说既有希望又有危险.
研究的目的:
- 分析认知运动解离 (CMD) 和人工智能 (AI) 的交集.
- 探索人工智能在隐蔽意识中的应用所带来的伦理,临床和法律挑战.
- 倡导预测性治理,以减轻人工智能的意想不到的后果.
主要方法:
- 审查临床实践,神经伦理学和与CMD和AI相关的法律中的规范性挑战.
- 隐藏意识的历史分析及其与严重脑损伤及其与死亡权运动的关系.
- 探索人工智能的潜力,为非沟通的个人发声,考虑像能力方法这样的伦理框架.
主要成果:
- 人工智能在CMD中提出了复杂的诊断和治疗挑战,包括对患者意图的潜在误解.
- 在临床实践,辅助技术和涉及脑损伤个体的研究中,残疾偏见和能力主义是显著的担忧.
- 能力方法为道德的人工智能开发提供了一个框架,以促进人类繁荣.
结论:
- 在CMD中的人工智能应用需要仔细的伦理考虑和预测性治理.
- 解决残疾偏见对于公平开发和部署人工智能在神经保健中至关重要.
- 人工智能有可能提高CMD患者的沟通能力,但道德保障至关重要.
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