在实时语言理解中自发的视角:来自眼动和协调粒度的证据
Yipu Wei1, Yingjia Wan2,3, Michael K Tanenhaus4
1School of Chinese as a Second Language, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
Scientific reports
|April 5, 2024
概括
听众在沟通中自发地使用视角采用,即使他们不意识到演讲者. 这项研究表明,听众利用知识差异来解决模两可的指令,证明了自动认知过程.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 实验心理学 实验心理学
背景情况:
- 有效的语言沟通取决于对话者评估对方知识的能力,这一过程被称为视角采集.
- 视角可以是自发的,自动的认知功能,也可以是故意的,战略性的.
研究的目的:
- 调查在参考性沟通任务中采取视角是自发性的还是战略性的.
- 要确定听众是否利用有关演讲者的知识的信息来解决模两可的指令,特别是当对比的信息彼此看不到时.
主要方法:
- 在涉及虚拟扬声器和含有标量形容词的模两可的指令的参考通信任务中,监测了听众的眼睛运动.
- 操纵的视觉上下文包括竞争对手对象的对比元素,这些元素要么在共同点上,要么在听众的特权基础上.
- 一个解决难题的任务改变了对象的空间分布,以影响战略视角的可能性.
主要成果:
- 听众在对比元素处于听众的特权领域时,可以更早地识别目标参考人,而不管任务协调要求如何.
- 在需要粗协调的条件下,理解的时间锁定较小,但透视的好处仍然存在.
- 证据强烈支持自发的观点选择,即使参与者认为指令是计算机生成的.
结论:
- 在参考性沟通中,视角采集主要是一种自发的过程,而不仅仅是战略性的过程.
- 听众根据演讲者知识的潜在差异自动调整他们的解释,从而促进有效的沟通.
- 在复杂的环境中,即使在没有对演讲者代理的明确意识的情况下,也会发生这种视角采集的自动性.
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