警报效应需要缺乏惊喜
Niklas Dietze1, Gernot Horstmann1, Christian H Poth1
1Neuro-Cognitive Psychology and Center for Cognitive Interaction Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Acta psychologica
|April 6, 2024
概括
意想不到的刺激最初会破坏行动,但警报线索只有在预期时才有帮助. 这挑战了警告仅仅是以刺激驱动的观点,这表明预期是有益影响的关键.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 人类因素 人类因素
背景情况:
- 突出的,意想不到的刺激 (惊喜) 打断正在进行的任务.
- 在目标之前的突出刺激 (警报线索) 可以促进行动启动.
- 对行动的惊喜和警报效应之间的相互作用尚未得到充分理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查惊喜和警报刺激之间的相互作用.
- 确定警报线索的预期如何影响它们对行动启动的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用选择反应任务的两个实验.
- 参与者在没有事先了解即将到来的警报线索的情况下执行任务.
- 在基线期后引入警报线索;测量反应时间.
主要成果:
- 警报提示的初始呈现显著减缓了反应时间.
- 这种损伤在一次试验后消失了,这表明了快速适应.
- 警报线索的有益影响取决于它们的预期和整合到任务中.
结论:
- 阶段性警报的有益影响需要预期和自上而下的任务集表示.
- 这些发现挑战了关于阶段性警报的传统观点,认为这是一个纯粹自下而上的,由刺激驱动的过程.
- 预期在调节警报线索对认知表现的影响方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
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