萨科佩尼亚的边界:诊断,分子机制和治疗策略的进步

Dequan Liu1, Shijin Wang1, Shuang Liu1

  • 1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.

PubMed

肌肉减少症的发病与衰老密切相关,不仅对患者个体的生活质量产生重大影响,也对社会整体的医疗保健体系带来严峻挑战。早期且准确地识别肌肉减少症,并全面理解其发病机制及治疗靶点,对于有效应对这一病症至关重要。本文旨在系统综述近年来肌肉减少症在研究与诊断方面的最新进展。首先,我们深入探讨当前的诊断标准,重点参考欧洲老年人肌肉减少症工作组(EWGSOP2)和亚洲肌肉减少症工作组(AWGS 2019)所制定的评估基准。同时,我们详细阐述了肌肉力量、肌肉量及身体功能的综合评估技术,涵盖握力测试、起坐测试、双能X射线吸收测定法(DEXA)、生物电阻抗分析(BIA)、步速测量以及短时体能测试量表(SPPB),并分析了这些工具各自的优势与局限性。这些诊断技术的进步为肌肉减少症的早期发现与明确诊断奠定了基础。进一步地,本文深入剖析肌肉减少症的发病机制,系统梳理了包括肌抑素(Myostatin)、AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)、胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子-1信号通路(IIS)以及活化B细胞核因子κ轻链增强子(NF-κB)在内的关键信号通路,详细阐述各通路在肌肉减少症发生发展中的作用,揭示潜在的治疗靶点方向。从机制层面而言,本文还强调线粒体功能障碍在肌肉减少症中的核心地位,重点讨论线粒体氧化应激失衡、线粒体生物生成及线粒体自噬等关键环节,并指出其在治疗上的重要意义。最后,我们总结了近年来在肌肉减少症治疗领域取得的进展,涵盖营养干预、运动疗法,以及潜在的药物治疗和补充剂策略。综上所述,本综述系统整合了肌肉减少症领域的最新科学成果,旨在提升临床实践中诊断的准确性,深化对疾病机制靶点的理解,并推动创新治疗策略的发展,从而为优化患者管理及推动学科进步提供有力支持。 关键词:肌肉减少症,衰老,诊断标准,肌肉力量,肌肉量,身体功能,EWGSOP2,AWGS 2019,握力,起坐测试,DEXA,BIA,步速,SPPB,Myostatin,AMPK,IIS,NF-κB,线粒体功能障碍,线粒体自噬,营养干预,运动疗法

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