不确定性在以奖励为指导的决策中扮演的多重和特定主体的角色
Alexander Paunov1,2, Maëva L'Hôtellier1, Dalin Guo3
1INSERM-CEA Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit (UNICOG), NeuroSpin Center, CEA Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Université de Paris, Paris, France.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|April 8, 2024
概括
人类的决策涉及到平衡勘探和开发. 这项研究揭示了个人对不确定性偏好的差异,以及不确定性如何影响决策启发式,为基于奖励的选择提供了洞察力.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 在不确定性下的决策包括平衡即时奖励与信息获取 (勘探-开采困境).
- 人类对决策不确定性的反应是多种多样的,经验发现的搜索,漠不关心或回避的结果是不同的.
- 以计算方式利用不确定性是指导探索的有效方法,但它在人类选择中的作用需要进一步澄清.
研究的目的:
- 调查在人类决策中不确定性的细微作用,在一个新的强盗任务中.
- 识别和描述个人对不确定性偏好的差异.
- 检查不确定性如何调节共同决策启发术的应用.
主要方法:
- 开发了一种新的强盗任务,旨在更好地捕捉不确定性驱动的行为.
- 在不同程度的不确定性和部分可观测性的环境中对人类选择的实证评估.
- 对个人不确定性偏好差异的分析,从寻求到避免.
主要成果:
- 确定了不确定性偏好中的稳定个体差异,解释了无组级影响.
- 证明不确定性调节了决策启发术的使用,如重复偏差和赢-停留-输-转移.
- 发现在不确定性更高的条件下,启发式选择更受青.
结论:
- 人类基于奖励的选择表现出一个丰富多样的结构,受不确定性的影响.
- 不确定性偏好的个人差异在决策中起着重要作用.
- 了解这些机制对于理解正常决策及其在精神病理学中的功能障碍至关重要.
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