有氧运动对儿童执行功能和学业成绩的影响:系统性审查和元分析
Wanli Zang1, Jinyi Zhu2, Ningkun Xiao3
1Postgraduate School, University of Harbin Sport, Harbin, China.
Heliyon
|April 8, 2024
概括
有氧运动显著改善儿童的执行功能,包括抑制控制,工作记忆和认知灵活性. 然而,只有超过50周的干预措施对学业成绩产生了积极影响,这需要进一步研究.
科学领域:
- 儿科运动科学 儿科运动科学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 执行职能对于学业成功和日常生活至关重要.
- 身体活动,特别是运动,越来越多地被认为对儿童的认知有益.
- 了解运动对执行功能的具体影响对于优化教育策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查运动对儿童执行功能的影响.
- 为学校体育教育和健康教育计划提供基于证据的基础.
- 评估运动干预措施对儿童学业成绩的影响.
主要方法:
- 在十个主要数据库中进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 八篇相关的文章与2655名参与者被纳入了元分析.
- 使用已知工具 (RoB2,埃格尔回归,分级系统) 评估了偏差风险,出版偏差和证据质量.
主要成果:
- 在儿童中,有氧运动显著改善了抑制性控制 (SMD=0.29),工作记忆 (SMD=0.25) 和认知灵活性 (SMD=0.36).
- 只有超过50周的有氧运动干预措施对学业成绩产生了积极影响 (SMD=1.19).
- 没有检测到出版偏差 (所有结果的p>0.1),但证据的整体质量很低.
结论:
- 有氧运动对儿童的执行功能有积极的影响.
- 延长的有氧运动干预 (50周以上) 可能会提高学业表现.
- 需要高质量的随机对照试验来证实这些发现,因为现有证据的质量很低.
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