环境对学术成绩的影响的检测似乎取决于分析方法
S Alexandra Burt1, Patrick O'Keefe2, Wendy Johnson3
1Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA. burts@msu.edu.
Behavior genetics
|April 8, 2024
概括
收养研究揭示了收养的孩子.
科学领域:
- 行为遗传学 行为遗传学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 家庭研究 家庭研究
背景情况:
- 收养研究传统上使用测量环境相关性来评估环境对儿童结果的影响.
- 之前的研究表明,对收养儿童学业成绩的环境影响很小.
- 然而,收养的孩子往往表现出比分开长大的亲戚更高的成绩.
研究的目的:
- 调查适度的环境相关性与收养儿童与亲属相比更高的成绩之间的差异.
- 检查家庭识字环境在收养结果中的作用.
- 在采用研究中确定当前分析方法的局限性.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自早期生长和发展研究 (EGDS) 的424个受养/生理家庭的学业成绩和家庭识字特征.
- 将收养儿童的结果与分开抚养的亲生母亲和亲生兄弟姐妹的结果进行了比较.
- 采用了详尽的建模方法和随后的模拟研究.
主要成果:
- 收养的孩子在成绩测试中得分高达完全标准偏差,高于他们的亲生母亲和分开抚养的兄弟姐妹.
- 这些成绩差距与收养家庭和出生家庭之间的识字促进家庭特征的差异相关.
- 在收养家庭中测量的环境相关性与结果的关联性很小.
结论:
- 专注于测量环境相关性可能会掩盖对年轻人的特定环境影响.
- 当比较与分开抚养的亲属的平均差异时,对收养儿童的成绩有显著的环境影响是显而易见的.
- 未来的采用研究应该包括平均差异的比较以及相关性分析.
更多相关视频
00:08A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences
Published on: September 4, 2019
7.0K
07:32Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity
Published on: February 10, 2016
9.4K
相关概念视频
Environmental Influences on Intelligence
285
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
285
Biological Influences on Intelligence
96
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
96
Gene-Environment Interactions
309
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
309
Information Processing Approach
34
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
34
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
57
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
57
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.5K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.5K
