接触前和殖民后的生态遗产塑造了苏里南雨林
Nina H Witteveen1, Cheryl White2, Barbara A Sánchez-Martínez1
1Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Ecology
|April 9, 2024
概括
亚马逊森林中过去人类活动的生态遗产通常是局部化的,而不是广泛的. 它们的持续性取决于火灾和森林砍伐等扰乱的类型,时间和强度.
科学领域:
- 热带生态 热带生态
- 古生态学 古生态学
- 考古植物学 考古植物学
背景情况:
- 热带森林表现出来自干扰的长期生态影响,称为生态遗产.
- 这些遗产的空间范围和持久性,特别是来自接触前和殖民后的亚马逊时期,尚不清楚.
- 过去的人类活动,包括土壤修改,物种丰富和火灾,塑造了亚马逊森林的组成.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查亚马逊森林的火灾和植被历史.
- 确定苏里南一个后殖民时期考古遗址附近的生态遗产的空间和时间范围.
- 了解过去人类习惯对现代森林构成和弹性的影响.
主要方法:
- 从苏里南考古遗址收集的15个土壤核心在不同距离 (0-10公里) 处进行分析.
- 通过木炭分析重建火灾历史,通过花粉和宏观植物分析重建植被历史.
- 使用放射性碳方法对事件进行约会,以建立从公元前96年到现在的时间表.
主要成果:
- 从公元前96年到最近,火灾发生,大大改变了植被.
- 接触前和后殖民火灾和森林砍伐造成的持续生态遗产主要在考古遗址1公里范围内观察到.
- 棕树种 (Attalea,Oenocarpus,Astrocaryum) 的丰富记录在与该地点不同距离 (0,1,8公里) 的不同距离上.
结论:
- 亚马逊森林中过去人类活动的生态遗产在空间上并不广泛,也不具有统一的持久性.
- 生态遗产的持续性和程度取决于原始干扰的时间,频率,类型和强度.
- 了解这些遗产对于评估森林弹性和支持亚马逊土著和地方土地权利至关重要.
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