儿童医学文章中使用和讨论种族的趋势超过75年
相关实验视频
Updated: May 3, 2026

09:36
Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
Published on: February 2, 2017
27.1K
Nassr Nama1,2, Preeti Panda3, Kimberly Montez4
1Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Pediatrics
|April 9, 2024
概括
医学文献中种族的使用情况有所改善,但仍然显示出偏见. 许多研究以生物学或没有明确的定义来描述种族,这表明需要在儿科研究中制定更好的报告实践.
科学领域:
- 医学研究伦理学医学研究伦理学
- 关于健康公平性的研究.
- 科学出版标准的科学出版标准.
背景情况:
- 在医学文献中,种族往往被错误地认为是生物的.
- 在科学出版物中使用种族需要仔细考虑其社会和生物学影响.
- 种族使用中的历史和持续的偏见可能会影响健康公平.
研究的目的:
- 在75年的时间里,在"儿科"杂志上分析种族使用的趋势.
- 确定如何描述种族,以及是否包含种族是合理的.
- 评估已发表的儿科研究中种族偏见的流行程度.
主要方法:
- 分析了从儿科 (1948-2022) 每十年50个原始研究文章的随机样本.
- 文章被审查是否包含种族,其描述 (生物,社会或描述性),以及其使用的理由.
- 评估了种族偏见,歧视性陈述和不推的术语的存在.
主要成果:
- 在分析的375篇文章中,39%包括种族,大多数是描述性的.
- 在11%的文章中,种族被描述为一种生物结构,只有7%的文章为其包含提供了理由.
- 在提到种族的文章中,有22%的文章中发现了暗示暗示种族偏见的陈述,并且经常在没有定义的情况下使用"少数民族"和"其他人"等不推的术语.
结论:
- 75年来,虽然儿科的种族报告有所改善,但仍然存在重大问题.
- 在医学研究中,仍然需要更明确的指导方针和更批判的种族评估.
- 报告种族的进一步改进是必要的,以确保准确和公平的科学传播.
相关概念视频
Regression Toward the Mean
6.3K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.3K
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives
3.6K
The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
3.6K
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption
967
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
967
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution
554
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
554
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism
410
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
410
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion
408
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
408

