分析表明,混合工程-自然沿海防御措施的气候适应和减缓性能更好
Lam Thi Mai Huynh1, Jie Su2, Quanli Wang3
1Graduate Program in Sustainability Science - Global Leadership Initiative (GPSS-GLI), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Japan. lam.huynh@s.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
Nature communications
|April 9, 2024
概括
与传统的硬结构相比,以自然为基础的海岸防御,以及软和混合方法,提供了优越的风险降低和气候效益. 这些以自然为基础的解决方案具有成本效益,并提供积极的经济回报,支持它们在风险较低的地区融入.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 适应气候变化 适应气候变化
- 沿海工程 沿海工程
背景情况:
- 传统的海岸防御方法在减轻与加速气候变化相关的风险方面面临挑战.
- 将基于自然的解决方案整合到沿海防御中,有可能提高气候适应能力和额外的好处.
- 进行比较性绩效分析是必要的,以评估基于自然的组件与传统的硬措施相比.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较硬,混合,软和自然海岸防御措施的性能.
- 通过关键功能评估这些措施:降低风险,缓解气候变化和成本效益.
- 为整合以自然为基础的组件在沿海防御战略提供一个证据基础.
主要方法:
- 进行了一项元分析,以系统地比较不同的海岸防御措施.
- 基于降低风险,缓解气候变化和成本效益来评估绩效.
- 分析考虑了各种类型的措施:硬,混合,软和自然系统.
主要成果:
- 混合和软措施的风险降低和气候变化减缓效益比无植物的自然系统更高.
- 软和混合措施被发现比硬措施更具成本效益.
- 混合措施在所有评估措施中提供了最高的危险降低.
- 所有评估的海岸防御措施在20年期间都表现出了积极的经济回报.
结论:
- 基于自然的混合和软解决方案在降低风险和缓解气候变化方面具有显著的优势.
- 这些措施比传统的硬防御更具成本效益.
- 这些发现支持在海岸防御中整合和升级基于自然的组件,特别是在风险较低的沿海地区.
- 在实施和扩大基于自然的沿海防御战略时,基于风险的方法至关重要.
相关概念视频
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment
46
Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
46
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
25.5K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
25.5K
Effect of Sea Water on Concrete
220
Concrete exposed to seawater can undergo degradation like the dissolution of ettringite and gypsum, increasing the material's porosity and decreasing its strength. In contrast, the crystallization of salts within the concrete's pores can cause expansion, particularly above the waterline where evaporation occurs. Nonetheless, this expansion only happens when seawater, enabled by the concrete's permeability, manages to infiltrate the structure.
Concrete in areas between tide marks,...
Concrete in areas between tide marks,...
220
Responses to Drought and Flooding
10.7K
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
10.7K
Responses to Salt Stress
13.1K
Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
13.1K
Natural Selection and Adaptation
202
Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations,...
Beyond physical adaptations,...
202


