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治疗中枢神经系统疾病的一个核心科学问题:新生儿的神经元

Peng Hao¹, Zhaoyang Yang¹, Kwok-Fai So^2,3,4,5,6

¹Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Neural regeneration research

|April 10, 2024

概括

内生神经发生,即成人大脑中新神经元的产生,为治疗中枢神经系统 (CNS) 损伤提供了希望. 策略旨在增强这种自然修复过程,以再生丢失的神经元.

科学领域:

神经科学是一个神经科学.
再生医学是一种再生医学.
细胞生物学细胞生物学

背景情况:

从历史上看,成年人中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的再生被认为是不可能的,因为神经元的复杂性和有限的神经元修复.
最近的发现证实了成年人体内源性神经发生,挑战了静态神经元群的教条.
中枢神经系统损伤往往会损害这种自然的神经发生,阻碍功能恢复.

研究的目的:

为提供中枢神经系统损伤后内源性神经发生变化的全面概述.
探索管理神经发生后受伤的调节机制.
为中枢神经系统损伤治疗提出针对内源性神经发生的新疗法.

主要方法:

审查中枢神经系统损伤后内源性神经发生变化的文献.
分析神经干细胞激活,增殖,迁移,分化和整合的机制.
检查治疗方法,如神经营养因子,生物材料和细胞重编程.

主要成果:

中枢神经系统损伤会破坏内源性神经发生,干细胞经常因当地环境而变成质细胞.
治疗策略可以增强神经干细胞的迁移,生存和分化到功能神经元.
这些策略旨在改善当地的微环境,并促进神经电路集成.

结论:

内源性神经发生是中枢神经系统损伤修复的可行目标.
利用和调节内源性神经干细胞可以促进新生儿神经元的再生.
这种方法为治疗中枢神经系统损伤提供了一个有希望的治疗途径.

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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...