视力和听力困难以及认知训练对老年人的影响
Alison R Huang1,2, George W Rebok3, Bonnielin K Swenor1,4,5,6
1Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|April 10, 2024
概括
基于感官能力,认知训练的好处可能会有所不同. 对于有听力损失的人来说,记忆训练显示出更大的益处,而对视力障碍的人来说,推理训练效果较差.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 认知培训干预通常通过视觉和听觉道进行.
- 自我报告的感官障碍 (视觉,听觉) 对认知训练有效性的影响仍然在很大程度上未被探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查是否预先存在的视力或听力困难会改变不同类型的认知训练的长期认知效应.
- 为有感觉损失的老年人设计和实施认知培训计划提供信息.
主要方法:
- 来自独立和重要老年人研究的高级认知训练的大队 (N=2788) 被随机分为记忆,推理,处理速度或对照组.
- 线性混合效应模型被用来分析认知训练对认知结果的10年影响,按自我报告的视觉和听觉状态分层.
主要成果:
- 记忆训练对报告听力困难的参与者而言,与没有听力困难的参与者相比,记忆训练表现出了增强的益处.
- 推理训练显示,与没有视力障碍的参与者相比,视力障碍的参与者获得的益处减少了.
- 观察到的差异性影响可能与培训可访问性和补偿策略有关.
结论:
- 感官丧失的老年人患有认知衰退的风险更高.
- 在有感官障碍的人群中,认知训练的好处可能更明显,这表明了量身定制的方法.
- 未来的认知训练设计应该考虑和适应感官损失,以最大限度地提高效率.
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