在自闭症成年人中,对精神疾病的误诊
Vasiliki Kentrou1, Lucy A Livingston2, Rachel Grove3
1Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
EClinicalMedicine
|April 10, 2024
概括
在被诊断为自闭症之前,四分之一的自闭症成年人经历了精神病学误诊,自闭症女性更有可能报告这些错误. 这凸显了对心理健康专业人员进行更好的培训的需要,以改善自闭症的识别.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 许多自闭症成年人,特别是女性,被诊断为自闭症,延迟了关键的支持.
- 自闭症特征可能会被误认为是其他精神疾病,导致误诊.
- 人们对自闭症成年人的精神错误诊断的频率和性质的了解有限.
研究的目的:
- 调查自闭症成年人自闭症诊断前所感知的精神错误诊断的流行情况.
- 探索自闭症成年人所经历的精神错误诊断的频率和类型的性别差异.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自荷兰 (2019) 自闭症成年人纵向登记的数据.
- 评估了1211名自闭症成年人 (52.6%是女性,平均年龄为42.3岁).
- 在自闭症诊断之前评估了被认为是精神病误诊的频率,并检查了性别差异.
主要成果:
- 在被诊断为自闭症之前,24.6%的参与者报告至少有一次精神病误诊.
- 人格障碍,焦虑障碍和情绪障碍是最常见的误诊.
- 自闭症女性 (31.7%) 比男性 (16.7%) 报告误诊的频率更高,特别是在人格,焦虑和情绪障碍方面.
结论:
- 很大一部分自闭症成年人,特别是女性,经历了精神病学误诊,导致诊断延迟.
- 改善心理健康从业人员的培训对于提高对成人自闭症表现和并发症的认识至关重要.
- 需要对更大,更多样化的样本进行进一步的研究来证实这些发现,并确定确切的错误诊断率.
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