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携带Wolbachia的Aedes蚊子用于预防登革热感染

Tilly Fox¹, Yanina Sguassero², Marty Chaplin¹

¹Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

|April 10, 2024

概括

在最近的一项试验中,部署携带wMel-Wolbachia细菌的蚊子显著减少了77%的登革热病毒感染. 这种新的登革热预防战略显示出控制全球健康威胁的前景.

科学领域:

控制载体传播疾病控制载体传播疾病
医学昆虫学医学昆虫学
传染病流行病学传染病流行病学

背景情况:

登革热病毒 (DENV) 构成了重大的全球卫生挑战,发病率,严重程度和死亡率都在增加.
登革热的地理扩散导致全球感染率更高,疾病更严重.
沃尔巴基亚细菌正在被研究作为一种新的生物控制策略来对抗登革热载体.

研究的目的:

评估部署携带特定Wolbachia菌株 (wMel,wMelPop,wAlbB) 的Aedes蚊子在预防登革热病毒感染方面的有效性.

主要方法:

系统地搜索多个数据库和试验注册表,直到2024年1月.
包括在登革热流行地区或流行病易发地区的随机对照试验 (RCT) 和集群RCT.
使用Cochrane RoB 2工具进行数据提取和偏差风险评估;使用GRADE评估证据的确定性.

主要成果:

印度尼西亚约基雅加达的一个已完成的集群RCT符合标准,目前已确定两个正在进行的试验.
wMel-Wolbachia感染的Aedes aegypti的部署与感染病毒学证实登革热的几率可能减少77% (OR 0.23,95% CI 0.15至0.35) 相关.
在两年内,wMel-Wolbachia蚊子的高患病率 (95.8%) 保持不变;其他主要结局和不良事件的数据没有提供.

结论:

这项研究提供了Wolbachia携带的Aedes aegypti蚊子在流行地区预防登革热感染的重大影响的证据.
需要在不同的环境中进行进一步的研究,以确认发现并评估可接受性和成本效益.
这些发现支持了Wolbachia部署作为可持续登革热预防战略的潜力.

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