早期儿童的身体活动和认知表现:随机对照试验的系统审查和元分析
Javier S Morales1,2, Eva Alberquilla Del Río3, Pedro L Valenzuela4,5
1MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|April 10, 2024
概括
身体活动干预措施显著提高了幼儿的注意力,工作记忆和词汇等认知功能. 这些发现支持在儿童发育早期整合体育活动计划.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿科健康 儿科健康
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 新兴研究表明,体育活动 (PA) 有助于年轻人的认知表现.
- 然而,PA对早期儿童认知发育的影响仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合有关体育活动干预对幼儿期 (3-6岁) 认知表现的影响的证据.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,PsycINFO) 进行了系统的文献搜索,截至2023年9月.
- 包括的研究是至少持续3周的PA干预的随机对照试验 (RCT).
- 对五项或以上研究的结果进行了随机效应元分析;调节者分析探讨了参与者和干预特征.
主要成果:
- 分析了24个涉及3483名儿童的RCT,表明了整体的合理方法质量.
- 身体活动干预措施对注意力 (SMD=0.49),抑制 (SMD=0.45),工作记忆 (SMD=0.50),认知灵活性 (SMD=0.39) 和词汇 (SMD=1.18) 有积极的影响.
- 敏感性分析支持了这些好处,没有观察到一致的调节效应.
结论:
- 身体活动干预措施有望改善儿童早期的关键认知领域.
- 研究结果表明,从幼年开始实施PA计划可以支持认知发展.
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