1997-2020年间西班牙蜘蛛咬伤的医学重要性比较:基于使用ICD编码的医院病例的回顾性研究
Fernando Cortés-Fossati1, Marcos Méndez1
1Evolutionary Ecology Group, Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/ Tulipán s/n., E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
Journal of medical entomology
|April 10, 2024
概括
蜘蛛咬伤在西班牙并不是一个主要的健康风险,发病率很低,没有死亡事故. 这项研究将蜘蛛毒害与其他陆地有毒动物暴露进行了比较,发现整体发病率低.
科学领域:
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 陆地有毒动物的毒害对全球健康构成关注,蛇,女神,蜘蛛和子是医学文献中主要关注的领域.
- 蜘蛛毒害对公众健康的具体影响在许多地区仍未得到充分研究,因此需要集中流行病学研究.
研究的目的:
- 进行第一个关于西班牙需要医院护理的蜘蛛咬伤发生率和特征的回顾性研究.
- 为了比较蜘蛛毒害的流行病学与蛇,女鸟和子的咬伤/刺伤.
- 分析人口统计数据,严重程度和西班牙陆地有毒动物中毒的地理分布.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自世界卫生组织国际疾病分类的ICD9MC和ICD10数据库.
- 分析了1997-2020年期间的数据,以量化毒化病例.
- 蜘蛛咬伤的发病率,人口统计,严重程度和地理分布与其他陆地有毒动物暴露的比较.
主要成果:
- 在西班牙,陆地有毒动物引起的急性中毒的总发病率约为每百万人口1.23例.
- 病例,以发病率的下降顺序,归因于蛇,女神,蜘蛛,子和脚动物.
- 致命的病例很少见,主要是由女鸟引起的;没有死亡病例与蜘蛛,子或脚有关. 蛇咬伤在西班牙北部的发病率较高,而蜘蛛咬伤和子刺伤缺乏明确的地理趋势.
结论:
- 在西班牙,因与陆地有毒动物相遇而发生的严重或危及生命的中毒事件很少发生,特别是与国际比较时,关于蜘蛛咬伤.
- 蜘蛛在西班牙并不构成重大公共卫生风险,也不是导致疾病的主要原因.
- 公共卫生专注于陆地动物中毒应优先考虑更高发病率和严重程度的病原体,如女鸟和蛇.
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