与非FSC相比,经过FSC认证的森林管理有利于大型哺乳动物
Joeri A Zwerts1,2, E H M Sterck3,4, Pita A Verweij5
1Ecology and Biodiversity, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. j.a.zwerts@uu.nl.
Nature
|April 10, 2024
概括
森林管理委员会 (FSC) 的认证导致了与非FSC地区相比,砍伐森林中的哺乳动物遭遇率更高. 这表明FSC认证对热带木材特许权的哺乳动物生物多样性造成的损害较小.
科学领域:
- 生态学
- 保护生物学
- 森林管理
背景情况:
- 热带森林是重要的生态系统, 但木材开采, 特别是伐木, 显著影响生物多样性.
- 伐木道路使狩猎更加容易, 导致野生动物过度开发,
- 森林管理认证计划,如森林管理委员会 (FSC),旨在减轻这些影响,但由于研究的局限性,它们的有效性在很大程度上未得到量化.
研究的目的:
- 调查森林管理委员会 (FSC) 认证在减轻伐木对热带森林哺乳动物群落的影响方面的有效性.
- 提供FSC认证和非FSC认证的伐木特许权之间哺乳动物生物多样性的经验证据.
- 为采伐地区提供森林管理实践和保护策略.
主要方法:
- 在西赤道非洲的14个伐木特许经营地调查了130万张相机陷照片.
- 分析了55种哺乳动物的数据,比较了FSC认证和非FSC认证的社区组成.
- 专注于物种重量,保护优先级和整体社区结构.
主要成果:
- 与非FSC许可证相比,经过FSC认证的伐木许可证中发现的哺乳动物数量更高.
- 森林大象和西部低地大猩猩等大型物种 (>10公斤) 获得FSC认证的积极效果最为显著.
- 非FSC的特许经营者发现小体物种的比例更高,特别是动物,这表明哺乳动物群体的多样性较低.
结论:
- 经过FSC认证的森林管理与非FSC认证的伐木热带森林相比,对哺乳动物群体的影响较小.
- 通过有效的执法保护未被砍伐的森林仍然是物种保护的首要任务.
- 实施FSC认证或类似严格的木材开采标准对于防止重大生物多样性损失和保持更健康的哺乳动物群体至关重要.
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