人工智能能达到人类的思想吗?
Athanassios S Fokas1,2,3
1Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK.
PNAS nexus
|April 11, 2024
概括
人工智能 (AI) 可能无法超越人类思维,因为目前的智能定义专注于复杂的目标,忽视了人类的意识和主观经验. 人工智能还忽视了大脑的体现,横向化和质细胞,与人类认知相比限制了其潜力.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 深度学习的进步引发了关于人工智能超越人类智能的辩论.
- 现有的AI智能的定义侧重于任务完成,而不是人类认知的本质.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地评估人工智能可以达到并超越人类思维的说法.
- 探索当前人工智能在复制人类意识和理解方面的局限性.
主要方法:
- 人工智能的AI定义的分析.
- 机器和大脑理解的比较.
- 考虑体内认知,大脑侧面化和质细胞功能.
- 哥德尔的不完整性和图灵的结果对意识的应用.
主要成果:
- 人工智能对智能的目标导向定义对于人类的思想来说是不够的.
- 人类意识涉及主观经验,体现和无意识过程,而人工智能目前忽略了这些过程.
- 戈德尔和图灵的定理表明,意识超过了计算的限制.
结论:
- 人工智能只模仿部分大脑皮层,因此无法捕捉到人类意识的丰富性.
- 从无意识过渡到有意识的经验涉及信息丢失,一个复杂度超出目前的AI.
- 嵌入式认知,大脑横向化和质细胞对人类思想至关重要,这些因素在人工智能开发中经常被忽视.
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