在COVID-19疫情中的自杀 - 我们是否了解当前的风险和未来的前景?
Vsevolod A Rozanov1,2, Natalia V Semenova2, Aleksandr Ja Vuks2
1St. Petersburg State University.
Consortium psychiatricum
|April 11, 2024
概括
自杀率最初在圣彼得堡的COVID-19大流行急性阶段下降,特别是在男性中. 然而,后来女性和年轻男性的增加表明风险正在演变,需要有针对性的预防策略.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 心理健康研究 心理健康研究
背景情况:
- 流行病代表严重的全球危机,可能对人口层面的心理健康产生影响.
- 了解实时自杀趋势对于在广泛危机期间调整预防策略至关重要.
- 现有的关于危机期间自杀率波动的数据不一致.
研究的目的:
- 在实施严格的流行病相关制措施后,评估主要大都市的自杀行为.
- 在严重的公共卫生危机期间分析自杀频率的直接变化.
主要方法:
- 利用2016年1月至2020年7月在圣彼得堡完成自杀的数据.
- 2020年4月至5月每10万人口的月度自杀频率 (峰值制) 与2016-2019年平均水平进行比较.
- 采用威尔逊的方法来计算置信区间.
主要成果:
- 2020年4月,自杀率与四年平均水平相比下降了30.3%,男性自杀率 (36.3%) 比女性自杀率 (12.4%) 更明显.
- 老年男性 (≥55岁) 的自杀率下降幅度最大 (58.5%),而6月女性自杀率上升了50%,5月年轻男性 (15-34岁) 的自杀率上升了87.9%.
- 2020年上半年的总体自杀人数与前几年相似;没有观察到统计学上显著的变化.
结论:
- 自杀率最初的减少值得关注,支持这样一个假设:在急性危机阶段,自杀行为可能会暂时下降.
- 具体的人口结构 (女性,年轻男性) 随后的增加突出了需要社会干预的潜在风险群体.
- 需要进一步的研究来了解俄罗斯与大流行有关的自杀动态,无论观察到的趋势如何,预防仍然是优先事项.
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