在自我控制中超越"自我":承诺策略的人际关系后果
Ariella S Kristal1, Julian J Zlatev2
1Management Division, Columbia Business School, Columbia University.
Journal of personality and social psychology
|April 11, 2024
概括
选择承诺策略来克服自我控制问题可能会对别人对你的看法产生负面影响. 人们更信任意志力,而不是外部承诺策略,影响人际判断.
科学领域:
- 心理学科学 心理学科学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
背景情况:
- 自制问题很常见,个人经常使用承诺策略来管理这些问题.
- 承诺策略包括事先决定采取或避免某些行动来指导未来的行为.
- 然而,选择承诺策略的人际关系后果仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 调查与选择和使用承诺策略相关的人际关系后果.
- 确定依赖承诺策略与使用意志力相比,如何影响信任和印象形成.
- 确定驱动这些人际感知的潜在机制.
主要方法:
- 一系列七项研究,包括两项补充研究,利用行为实验,如激励信任游戏.
- 参与者的信任和认知是基于涉及承诺策略与意志力的选择来衡量的.
- 研究探讨了不同的领域,信任类型 (基于诚信),以及公共与私人战略选择的影响.
主要成果:
- 与那些依靠意志力的人相比,个人对选择承诺策略的人的信任较低.
- 这种信任缺陷对于以诚信为基础的信任尤其明显,并且在各个领域都存在.
- 负面的看法源于*选择*使用承诺策略,而不仅仅是使用它,部分原因是对过去绩效的推断.
- 人们倾向于在私下更频繁地选择承诺策略,预测这些负面的社会判断.
结论:
- 意志力作为一个积极的信号在社会印象形成.
- 选择外部承诺策略可能会导致负面的人际关系后果和信任减少.
- 个人意识到并战略性地管理他们自我控制策略选择的社会影响.
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