COVID-19疫苗接种覆盖范围 - 世界卫生组织非洲地区,2021-2023年
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
|April 11, 2024
概括
非洲的COVID-19疫苗接种工作优先考虑高风险群体,到2023年底至少有一剂疫苗接种率达到38%. 持续关注弱势群体和综合医疗保健对于持续免疫接种和流行病准备至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 在2021年初,COVID-19疫苗开始使用,为抗击发病率和死亡率提供了关键策略.
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 最初的目标是到2022年中期实现全球70%的疫苗接种.
- 到2022年7月,世卫组织将重点转移到优先考虑非洲地区的高风险群体,以实现最大影响.
研究的目的:
- 评估非洲地区的COVID-19疫苗交付和管理情况.
- 评估一般人口和优先群体的疫苗接种覆盖率.
- 为可持续的COVID-19免疫计划提供正在进行的战略信息.
主要方法:
- 分析非洲国家到2023年12月31日的疫苗接种和管理数据.
- 计算至少一个剂量,初级系列和强剂量的累积人口覆盖率.
- 评估专门针对老年人和医护人员的覆盖率.
主要成果:
- 大约有8.6亿剂疫苗被发放,其中6.46亿剂用于非洲地区.
- 38%的非洲人口至少服用了一剂,32%完成了初级系列,21%接受了增强剂.
- 主要系列覆盖率为52%的老年人和48%的医疗保健工作者,在国家层面有显著的差异.
结论:
- 尽管取得了进展,但非洲地区的COVID-19疫苗接种覆盖率仍低于最初的全球目标.
- 目前的世卫组织建议强调继续为优先人群接种疫苗,并将其纳入初级医疗保健.
- 加强终身免疫接种和流行病准备对于长期的公共卫生安全至关重要.
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