麻疹 - 美国,2020年1月1日 - 2024年3月28日
Adria D Mathis1, Kelley Raines1, Nina B Masters1
1Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC.
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
|April 11, 2024
概括
美国的麻疹消除状态一直维持到2023年,尽管2024年初病例大幅增加. 需要努力提高麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率,特别是在未接种疫苗的社区.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染病监测 传染病监测 传染病
背景情况:
- 麻疹是一种高度传染性的疾病,在2000年在美国被消除,但由于进口病例,它仍然是一个威胁.
- 2019年在未接种疫苗的人群中爆发的疫情凸显了麻疹控制的脆弱性.
- 最近麻疹病例的增加需要对美国的消除状态和监测绩效进行更新的评估.
研究的目的:
- 评估2019年疫情爆发后美国麻疹消除状况.
- 分析2020年1月至2024年3月的麻疹监测数据.
- 为了解麻疹病例近期上升的情况提供背景.
主要方法:
- 疾病预防控制中心收集的流行病学和实验室监测数据的分析.
- 评估美国麻疹监测系统的表现.
- 审查案件调查,包括疫苗接种情况和传播链.
主要成果:
- 从2020年1月到2024年3月,报告了338例麻疹病例,在2024年初急剧增加 (第一季度97例).
- 大多数病例 (91%) 是未接种疫苗或未知疫苗接种状态的个体.
- 尽管增加了,但持续的传播链很短,监测指标仍然很强,这使得美国的麻疹消除状态可以维持到2023年.
结论:
- 由于人口免疫力高和有效的监测,美国维持了麻疹消除状态到2023年.
- 2024年初麻疹病例显著增加,表明需要加强疫苗接种工作.
- 提高麻疹,疹和风疹 (MMR) 疫苗接种率的有针对性的策略至关重要,特别是在接种疫苗不足的社区,以及及时调查病例.
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