COVID-19引发的自动化:对关键职业的探索性研究
Chun Song1,2, Lionel J Beaulieu1,2, Indraneel Kumar1
1Purdue Center for Regional Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
概括
由于COVID-19的流行,食品服务和清洁等工作的自动化可能会增加. 对招聘公告的分析表明,更高的自动化潜力与较少的招聘广告相关,影响劳动力市场.
科学领域:
- 劳动经济学 劳动经济学
- 技术社会学技术的社会学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 随着COVID-19的流行,劳动力面临着独特的挑战,特别是在基本职业中.
- 人们担心,由于与大流行有关的干扰和健康风险,自动化可能加快.
研究的目的:
- 在详细的标准职业分类 (SOC) 系统职业中调查COVID-19暴露风险和自动化潜力之间的联系.
- 量化大流行引发的自动化对美国招聘公告的影响.
主要方法:
- 根据疾病暴露 (例如COVID-19) 和自动化概率进行评估的职业.
- 从2016年到2021年分析了美国每月的招聘公告数据.
- 开发了一个自动化指数来衡量自动化潜力.
主要成果:
- 食品准备,服务和清洁等职业更容易受到疫情驱动的自动化影响.
- 在流行病后具有更高自动化潜力的职业中,观察到招聘数量有统计学意义的下降.
- 自动化指数与职位发布之间的负相关性即使控制了派遣时间并排除了卫生职业,也仍然很强.
结论:
- COVID-19 疫情似乎是特定行业自动化增加的催化剂.
- 调查结果强调了需要采取主动战略来培养一个有弹性的,以劳动为中心的流行后经济.
- 该研究提供了对自动化在劳动力中不断变化的作用的早期见解.
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