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ERVK单独LTRs的适应扩张与Passeriformes物种化事件有关

Guangji Chen^1,2,3, Dan Yu^2,4, Yu Yang⁵

¹College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Nature communications

|April 11, 2024

概括

古老的逆转录病毒DNA,内源逆转录病毒 (ERVs),形成单独的长终端重复 (单独LTRs). 鸟类表现出更高的单独LTR形成,ERVK单独LTRs在Passerida鸟类中推动了物种化和基因表达的变化.

科学领域:

基因组学就是基因组学.
进化生物学进化生物学
分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

内源逆转录病毒 (ERV) 是古代逆转录病毒感染的遗留物,集成到宿主基因组中.
不平等的同源重组经常导致ERVs的删除,导致单独的长终端重复 (单独LTRs).
ERV活动和随后的单独LTR形成受到进化压力和宿主基因组动态的影响.

研究的目的:

调查鸟类基因组中单独LTRs的流行率和进化意义.
探索ERVK单独LTRs在类鸟类多样化中的特定作用.
确定ERVK单个LTRs对宿主基因调节和适应的功能影响.

主要方法:

对362种鸟类的比较基因组分析,包括爬行动物和哺乳动物外群.
单个LTR的识别和量化,重点是ERVK元素.
对生殖组织中ERVK基因表达的分析和对cis-regulatory活动的实验验证.

主要成果:

与外组相比,鸟类的单独LTR形成率明显高,这表明ERVs的净化.
在过去的2200万年里,ERVK单个LTRs表现出形成和积累的爆发,与帕塞里达的物种化事件相吻合.
最近演变的ERVK单独LTRs表现出cis调节活性,在斑马大脑中增加ITGA2表达.

结论:

扩展ERVK单个LTRs有助于基因组的新性,并作为cis-regulatory元素.
这些逆转录病毒残留物通过影响宿主基因表达,在适应性进化中发挥作用.
古老的逆转录病毒序列可以通过基因调节显著影响物种多样化.

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