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对于原始双双的Holstein × Gyr杂交乳牛的能源需求

J P Sacramento¹, A S Oliveira², A E Leao³

¹Department of Bioengineering, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, 36307-352, São João dei Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.

Journal of dairy science

|April 12, 2024

概括

能量需求和利用效率在原生杂交的霍尔斯坦 × 吉尔母牛的哺乳期不同. 这些发现表明,乳牛最佳营养阶段特定的能量值.

科学领域:

动物科学动物科学
营养生理学营养生理学
乳牛的新陈代谢乳牛的新陈代谢

背景情况:

精确估计能源需求对于奶牛的营养和生产率至关重要.
杂交的Holstein × Gyr奶牛在热带和亚热带地区占有很大一部分.
了解能源利用效率 (k 值) 有助于制定配方和代谢健康.

研究的目的:

为了确定哺乳期和干燥原生母牛的新陈代谢能 (ME) 和哺乳期净能 (NE_M) 需求,交叉品种的Holstein × Gyr奶牛.
量化ME用于牛奶生产 (k_l),组织增益 (k_g) 和身体能量调动 (k_t) 的效率.
评估不同哺乳期和干旱期的能源需求和效率.

主要方法:

利用开放式循环呼吸室进行精确的能量测量,对29头原生母牛进行测量.
在整个哺乳期和在受限摄入的干燥期内进行了6次明显消化率和热量计测定.
采用混合模型用于哺乳期数据和指数回归用于干燥和禁食测试.

主要成果:

整个哺乳期的ME和NE维护需求分别为0.588和0.395MJ/BW0.75.
ME利用的效率是k_l = 0.672,k_g = 0.771,和k_t = 0.814. 这两种方法的效率是相同的.
ME_M和NE_M在早期/中期哺乳期比晚期哺乳期更高; k_l在早期哺乳期最高. 干牛需要0.434 MJ ME/BW^0.75和0.351 MJ NE_M/BW^0.75进行维护,其ME效率为80%.

结论:

在整个哺乳期内,原生杂交的Holstein × Gyr奶牛表现出明显的能量需求和利用效率.
为了优化这种品种的营养和生产力,建议使用特定阶段的能量值.
估计值与现有的文献和营养要求系统保持一致,验证其适用性.

关键词:

效率效率效率效率效率效率效率维护维护维护维护维护维护维护可代谢的能量能量可以代谢.能源净值是指能源净值.

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