协助死亡:原则,可能性和实用性. 一位英国医生的观点
1Emeritus Clinical Reader in Palliative Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK. robttwy@gmail.com.
BMC palliative care
|April 12, 2024
概括
在英格兰和威尔士,可能会有医疗辅助死亡立法. 本文分析了现有的模型,强调需要保护弱势群体,确保医生自主,同时改善息护理.
科学领域:
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 法律研究 法律研究
背景情况:
- 在英格兰和威尔士,医疗辅助死亡的立法越来越有可能,其他司法管辖区也有类似的法案在进行.
- 当前的话语往往优先考虑个人自主权 ("我的生命,我的死亡") 与一般不批判的媒体支持.
- 制定有效的立法需要平衡患者的自主权和同情心,同时尊重人类生命和医疗专业人员的自主权.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地分析医疗辅助死亡立法所面临的挑战和潜在的危害.
- 为了比较瑞士,俄勒冈 (美国) 和维多利亚 (澳大利亚) 的现有医生辅助自杀模型.
- 提出一个框架,为协助死亡采取"最不坏"的立法方法.
主要方法:
- 三个国际医生辅助自杀法律框架的比较分析.
- 讨论伦理方面的考虑,包括患者的脆弱性,自主性和社会影响.
- 审查协助死亡的倡导活动,并注意到潜在的错误信息和隐藏的风险.
主要成果:
- 现有的模型在平衡竞争的伦理原则方面提出了复杂的挑战.
- 一个重大问题是对弱势群体的潜在负面影响,包括残疾人和患有痴呆症的老人.
- 支持辅助死亡的倡导可能是有偏见的,而"隐藏的危险"包括因为害怕加速死亡而避免息治疗的患者.
结论:
- 实施医疗辅助死亡需要仔细考虑,以保护脆弱的个人,避免负面的社会影响.
- 一个拟议的模型建议一个独立的死亡辅助部门,与息治疗分开,法律和医疗专业人员有明确的角色.
- 医疗保健专业人员必须保留选择退出的权利,迫切需要改善整体的息和宿舍护理提供.
相关概念视频
Ethical Dilemmas II
1.0K
Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:
1.0K
Ethical Issues
938
Nurses are essential in patient care, upholding the ethical principles of their profession and effectively navigating ethical dilemmas. Neglecting ethical issues can lead to inadequate patient care, compromised therapeutic relationships, and moral distress among healthcare workers.
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
938
Nursing Ethical Principles II
958
Ethical principles are essential in guiding nurses to fulfill their responsibilities, focusing on the quality of nursing care and decision-making. These principles, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, shape the ethical framework within healthcare settings.
Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
Initially, Mr. John's...
Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
Initially, Mr. John's...
958
Standards of Care II
644
Nurses bear specific legal responsibilities under several federal statutes, including:
644
Continuing Care
1.5K
Continuing care describes the variety of health, personal, and social services provided over a prolonged period. The need for continuing care is increasing because people are living longer. Many people do not have families or others to care for them. Continuing care is mainly for patients who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering from a terminal disease. It is available within institutional settings or in homes. Examples include nursing centers or facilities, assisted living,...
1.5K
Ethics and Bioethics
1.4K
Ethics is a philosophical study of moral actions. Ethics attempts to determine what is valuable for individuals and society. It examines the rational justification of moral judgments and analyzes what is morally just, fair, and right. Bioethics is a sub-discipline of applied ethics that analyzes the philosophical, social, and legal issues in life sciences and medicine. Ethical theories serve as a foundation for decision-making and represent the viewpoints from which people seek direction. They...
1.4K


