GPS数据和机器学习工具,用于估计轻型车辆排放的实用和经济有效的组合.
Néstor Diego Rivera-Campoverde1,2, Blanca Arenas-Ramírez3, José Luis Muñoz Sanz1
1Machine-Engineering Division, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales-ETSII, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-UPM, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 13, 2024
概括
本研究介绍了一种GPS和机器学习方法,用于在真实驾驶条件下估计车,SUV和皮卡的车辆排放量 (CO2,CO,NOx,HC). 开发的模型准确地预测了排放,为排放测试提供了无PEMS的替代方案.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 汽车工程 汽车工程
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
背景情况:
- 车辆排放对空气质量和气候变化产生重大影响.
- 准确的排放数据对于监管合规和环境政策至关重要.
- 传统的排放测试方法可能是资源密集的,可能不能完全代表现实世界的驾驶.
研究的目的:
- 利用GPS和机器学习开发和验证一种用于估计现实世界车辆排放的新方法.
- 评估厄瓜多尔销量最多的轻型汽车类别 (车,SUV,皮卡) 的排放量 (CO2,CO,NOx,HC).
- 将开发模型的性能与现有的排放估计模型进行比较.
主要方法:
- 通过GPS数据记录器和便携式排放测量系统 (PEMS) 来获得厄瓜多尔最销车辆的驾驶数据.
- 采用K-means集群和分类树来估计驾驶时使用的轮.
- 使用随机森林技术来确定驱动变量的重要性和人工神经网络 (ANN) 来估计排放.
- 通过使用第二条标准化路线的数据和广泛的随机驾驶数据 (每辆车型300-324公里) 验证的ANN.
主要成果:
- 开发的ANN准确估计了CO2,CO,NOx和HC的排放量.
- 该模型显示了与IVE模型和基于OBD的模型相似的结果.
- 该方法被证明是有效的,不需要长时间的PEMS装备的试驾.
- 由于广泛的随机驾驶数据培训和验证,该模型在各种交通条件中显示出稳健性.
结论:
- 拟议的GPS和机器学习方法提供了一个可靠和高效的替代方案,用于估计现实世界的车辆排放.
- 这种方法减少了使用PEMS设备进行广泛的道路测试的需要.
- 这些发现为了解和减轻受欢迎的轻型汽车领域的排放提供了宝贵的见解.
相关概念视频
GIS Software, Hardware, and Sources of GIS Data
58
A Geographic Information System (GIS) combines specialized software and hardware to effectively manage, analyze, and present spatial and related data. GIS software includes critical functionalities such as a user interface for easy navigation, database management tools for handling spatial and attribute data, and data retrieval features for efficient access. Analytical tools transform raw data into insights, while display functions produce maps and reports in various formats for effective...
58
Calibration Curves: Linear Least Squares
1.3K
A calibration curve is a plot of the instrument's response against a series of known concentrations of a substance. This curve is used to set the instrument response levels, using the substance and its concentrations as standards. Alternatively, or additionally, an equation is fitted to the calibration curve plot and subsequently used to calculate the unknown concentrations of other samples reliably.
For data that follow a straight line, the standard method for fitting is the linear...
For data that follow a straight line, the standard method for fitting is the linear...
1.3K
Estimation of the Physical Quantities
4.2K
On many occasions, physicists, other scientists, and engineers need to make estimates of a particular quantity. These are sometimes referred to as guesstimates, order-of-magnitude approximations, back-of-the-envelope calculations, or Fermi calculations. The physicist Enrico Fermi was famous for his ability to estimate various kinds of data with surprising precision. Estimating does not mean guessing a number or a formula at random. Instead, estimation means using prior experience and sound...
4.2K
Types of Global Positioning System Surveys
55
GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...
55
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments
35
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short...
35
Levels of Use of a GIS
49
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) operate across three levels of application, each representing an increasing degree of complexity: data management, analysis, and prediction. These levels reflect the expanding functionality and versatility of GIS technology in handling spatial data for diverse purposes.Data ManagementAt its foundational level, GIS serves as a tool for data management, enabling the input, storage, retrieval, and organization of spatial data. This level is often employed in...
49


