在创伤后应激障碍中,在工作记忆维护期间,与认知和情绪分心相关的脑形态变化和功能神经解剖学
Gwang-Won Kim1, Jong-Il Park2, Jong-Chul Yang2
1Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
Brain research bulletin
|April 13, 2024
概括
创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 患者在工作记忆任务中表现出大脑活动的改变. 与健康对照人群相比,在PTSD患者中观察到灰质体积减少和对情绪和认知干扰物的明显神经反应.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的特点是情绪失调和认知障碍.
- 工作记忆 (WM) 维护对认知功能至关重要,并且可以被分散注意力的干扰.
研究的目的:
- 在使用认知和情绪分心器进行工作记忆任务期间,研究PTSD患者与健康对照者 (HCs) 的不同大脑激活模式.
- 评估PTSD中大脑激活变化,分心效应和灰质体积 (GMV) 之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 在22名PTSD患者和22名HC患者中利用了T1加权的MRI和事件相关的功能性MRI (fMRI).
- 试验对象执行了一个延迟反应的WM任务,涉及人脸和创伤相关的分心因素.
- 分析了差异性大脑激活和GMV,将发现与任务性能相关联.
主要成果:
- 与HC患者相比,PTSD患者在下额 (IFG) 中的GMV减少.
- 在面部干扰器试验中,PTSD患者表现出上部额叶环和IFG的活性下降.
- 创伤后应激障碍患者因与创伤相关的分心因素而受损人脸识别,并增加了STG的活动.
结论:
- 在PTSD中不同的大脑激活模式与对分心因子和情绪调节的认知控制受损有关.
- 减少IFG GMV和改变前叶活动在PTSD可能是工作记忆缺陷的基础.
- 研究结果表明,神经机制有助于PTSD的认知和情绪处理障碍.
相关概念视频
01:27Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
33
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
33
01:14Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory
425
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
425
01:24Working Memory
160
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
160
01:20Traumatic Memory
89
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
89
01:27Dissociative Disorders
100
Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
Dissociative Fugue
A hallmark feature of dissociative disorders is the dissociative fugue...
Dissociative Fugue
A hallmark feature of dissociative disorders is the dissociative fugue...
100