收获和消灭会影响遗传漂移和野生鹿的有效种群规模
Thomas Kvalnes1,2, Øystein Flagstad1, Jørn Våge3
1Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Trondheim Norway.
Evolutionary applications
|April 15, 2024
概括
野生动物收获和疾病管理影响遗传多样性. 有针对性的雄性捕捞显著减少了鹿的有效种群规模 (Ne) 和遗传变异,威胁了长期生存能力.
科学领域:
- 野生动物生态学和人口遗传学.
- 保护生物学和野生动物管理.
- 了解人类引起的人口变化的遗传后果.
背景情况:
- 收获和除对于管理野生动物疾病至关重要,但可以改变种群遗传.
- 实际种群大小 (Ne) 对于评估遗传漂移和种群生存能力至关重要.
- 慢性浪费疾病 (CWD) 的传播需要适应性管理策略.
研究的目的:
- 为了估计挪威一个被捕获的野生鹿种群的有效种群大小 (Ne).
- 调查管理策略的遗传影响,包括收获和人口减少,对鹿.
- 评估收获策略,种群规模和遗传漂移之间的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 使用来自野生鹿种群的遗传数据,估计有效种群大小 (Ne).
- 种群模拟以建模不同收获策略和种群减少的遗传后果.
- 对收获数据的分析,重点关注特定年龄和性别的收获率.
主要成果:
- Ne/N比率从0.239下降到0.124,这是由于收获率的增加,特别是成年男性的收获率 (2021年为44.8%).
- 模拟显示,增加收获率和人口减少减少了Ne和遗传变异,男性偏向的收获产生了最严重的影响.
- 在稳定种群中,将收获从小牛转移到成年雄性/雌性增加了Ne,而人口减少总是减少了遗传变异.
结论:
- 收获策略显著影响野生动物种群的遗传动态和长期生存能力.
- 管理行动,特别是性别偏差的收获和人口减少,必须考虑它们的遗传后果.
- 考虑到疾病影响和收获影响的综合管理对于保持野生动物遗传多样性至关重要.
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