主动抑制是一个隐含的过程,不能在需求时召唤
Christopher Hauck1, Eric Ruthruff2, Mei-Ching Lien1
1School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University.
概括
按需的干扰器抑制不是主动的. 当分散注意力的颜色变化时,参与者无法主动抑制它,导致反应性处理和性能降低.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 视觉注意力 视觉注意力
- 感知控制 感知控制
背景情况:
- 积极的认知控制允许个人预测和准备即将到来的任务.
- 选择性注意力机制对于在复杂的视觉环境中过不相关信息至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查按需主动抑制视觉干扰物的可行性.
- 为了确定分心抑制是否可以主动启动基于暗示信息.
- 检查干扰器变异性对主动抑制效率的影响.
主要方法:
- 参与者执行了一个视觉搜索任务,用线索分心色彩.
- 一个探测函数召回任务评估了分心抑制的有效性.
- 干扰器颜色的可预测性在实验中被操纵.
主要成果:
- 当分心色被固定时,观察到探头抑制效应.
- 当分散注意力的颜色在试验中变化时,这种效果就消失了.
- 发现了反对"搜索和摧毁"假设的证据,表明最初没有对分心色彩的搜索.
结论:
- 当干扰器的身份变化时,主动抑制干扰器在需求时是不可能的.
- 当抑制不能主动时,采用反应式分心处理,从而导致性能成本.
- 干扰器拒绝的认知控制机制是取决于上下文的,并受到可预测性的影响.
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